“报”的意义探源

“报”在《说文解字》中释为“当罪人也”,当此义讲时,“报”与“执”和“挚”有语义上的联系。从“报”的字体构成及古文字字形分析可得出“报”的本义应为“以手压抑跪伏之人,使其服罪”,由此引申出祭祀,断狱、判罪之义。“报”与“复”同源,又有报答、报复、报告等意义。     

Understanding Chinese children’s word reading by considering the factors from cognitive,psychological and ecological factors

Reading is a complex activity that is related to factors from the cognitive, ecological, and psychological domains. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying word learning by including the factors from the three domains in Chinese children. One hundred and ninety-four Chinese first graders completed tasks on cognitive abilities and word reading ability and a questionnaire relating to the psychological domain, their parents answered questionnaires relating to the psychological and ecological domains. The cognitive factors in the present study involved general (i.e., working memory) and reading-specific (i.e., vocabulary and morphological awareness) abilities. As ecological factors, the parent-reported family socioeconomic status (SES) and home literacy environment (HLE) were used to indicate parents’ resource characteristics of the literacy interactions at home. As psychological factors, an overall mental status was measured by the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised and reading self-efficacy were used to indicate children’s demand and force characteristics in the literacy interactions. The results of path analysis showed that, after controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence, the reading-specific cognitive abilities had a direct effect on word reading. Working memory, HLE, and reading self-efficacy contributed to word reading through the reading-specific cognitive abilities. Family SES facilitated HLE, which subsequently benefited the reading-specific cognitive abilities, and then assisted word reading.     

Word sense disambiguation based on context selection using knowledge-based word similarity

In this paper, we introduce a novel knowledge-based word-sense disambiguation (WSD) system. In particular, the main goal of our research is to find an effective way to filter out unnecessary information by using word similarity. For this, we adopt two methods in our WSD system. First, we propose a novel encoding method for word vector representation by considering the graphical semantic relationships from the lexical knowledge bases, and the word vector representation is utilized to determine the word similarity in our WSD system. Second, we present an effective method for extracting the contextual words from a text for analyzing an ambiguous word based on word similarity. The results demonstrate that the suggested methods significantly enhance the baseline WSD performance in all corpora. In particular, the performance on nouns is similar to those of the state-of-the-art knowledge-based WSD models, and the performance on verbs surpasses that of the existing knowledge-based WSD models.     

一种基于特征编码的Word文档数字水印算法

本文基于文本数字水印的特征编码思想,通过设置Word文档中字符的下划线格式以嵌入和检测水印。实验表明,该算法有较强的不可见性,能较好的嵌入和检测水印,从而达到数字水印的一般要求。     

A working memory model applied to mathematical word problem solving

The main objective of this study is (a) to explore the relationship among cognitive style (field dependence/independence), working memory, and mathematics anxiety and (b) to examine their effects on students’ mathematics problem solving. A sample of 161 school girls (13–14 years old) were tested on (1) the Witkin’s cognitive style (Group Embedded Figure Test) and (2) Digit Span Backwards Test, with two mathematics exams. Results obtained indicate that the effect of field dependency, working memory, and mathematics anxiety on students' mathematical word problem solving was significant. Moreover, the correlation among working memory capacity, cognitive style, and students’ mathematics anxiety was significant. Overall, these findings could help to provide some practical implications for adapting problem solving skills and effective teaching/learning.     

试论词语的新流向

本文通过对新时期以来,词的发展、变化和新流向问题,做出浅析,以求加深对词义发展的认识。     

逻辑是一把“斧子”——什么是逻辑学和为什么要学习逻辑学

逻辑学是一门基础性、工具性、人文性的学科.学习逻辑学有其必要性和可能性.其作用在于,可以突破经验逻辑的束缚,跳出思维的陷阱.其意义在于,可以培养自己认识世界的方法,有助于提高沟通交际的能力,有助于提高批判性思维的能力,有助于提高人文精神,有助于提高创新能力与创新精神,有助于应试社会思维能力素质考试,有助于培养逻辑精神,有助于不同文化之间思想方式的沟通.     

可视化甲骨文字编辑器的设计与实现

分析了甲骨文字编辑的现状和存在的不足,提出了一种不依赖特定字库的可视化甲骨文字编辑的新方法,给出了这一编辑器的功能结构,详细介绍了编辑器中甲骨文字采集技术的原理及实现方法。     

何妥为西域人及其他：中华本《隋书?儒林传》校误

《隋书》是研究有隋一代历史文化的重要史料.中华书局1973年点校本《隋书》是目前最为通行、最便阅读的重要版本.笔者在阅读中华点校本《隋书》时,发现其在点校方面仍存在一些有待完善之处,兹利用张元济百衲本《隋书》,参考南京图书馆藏武林竹简斋石印本等本子,对中华本《隋书》儒林传部分加以举证,如儒林何妥为西域人、刘绰师法郭懋而非郭懋當、隋书为唐时所编当避“渊”字讳等,以求教于方家.     

潜伏的异端:《鬼子来了》的意义调度

《鬼子来了》是一部具有惊人内涵与丰富歧义的影片一影片虽惊世骇俗,却也能与主流文化中的民族主义发生强烈共振。以鲁迅思想精神传统为起点,影片的意义表达中可以发掘当代中国文化中“精英民族主义”的叙事密码。影片的现实遭遇体现了社会解读与作者对影片的意义调度之间的复杂关系。