The Relationship of Spelling Recognition, RAN, and Phonological Awareness to Reading Skills in Older Poor Readers and Younger Reading-Matched Controls

The role of spelling recognition was examined in word reading skills and reading comprehension for dyslexic and nondyslexic children. Dyslexic and nondyslexic children were matched on their raw word reading proficiency. Relationships between spelling recognition and the following were examined for both groups of children: verbal ability, working memory, phonological measures, rapid naming, word reading, and reading comprehension. Children’s performance in spelling recognition was significantly associated with their skills in word reading and reading comprehension regardless of their reading disability status. Furthermore, spelling recognition contributed significant variance to reading comprehension for both dyslexic and nondyslexic children after the effects of phonological awareness, rapid naming, and word reading proficiency had been accounted for. The results support the role of spelling recognition in reading development for both groups of children and they are discussed using a componential reading fluency framework.     

The influence of reading unit size on the development of Stroop interference in early word decoding

The purpose of the experiments was to determine the automatic use of large or small word reading units in young readers in the absence of word decoding strategies. Picture-word Stroop interference was examined from four types of conflicting labels: (a) words containing both highly predictable grapheme–phoneme correspondence (GPC) units and highly consistent rime units (henceforth, Hi-GPC + Hi-Rime); (b) words with highly predictable GPC units and less consistent rime units (Hi-GPC + Lo-Rime); (c) words with low predictability GPC units and highly consistent rime units (Low GPC + High Rime); (d) nonwords that contained both highly predictable GPC and highly consistent rime units. Naming time for pictures containing these labels was compared against that for pictures with random letter strings or no labels. In Experiment 1, Stroop interference was examined in first, second, and third grade children to determine whether there was developmental change in the presence of rime or GPC interference. In Experiment 2, Stroop interference was examined as a function of relative reading skill in first grade children. In Experiment 3, Stroop interference in adults was compared to the use of rime or GPC pronunciation strategies for nonword reading. In all experiments, Stroop interference in picture naming was longer for pictures with highly predictable GPC unit labels than less predictable GPC unit labels. However, in Experiment 3, even though adults showed interference from predictable GPC units in the Stroop task, they always preferred rime pronunciation for ambiguous nonwords in the nonword reading task. It is argued that the current experiments provide evidence for a flexible units model. The results of this study were presented at the Cognitive Development Society meeting, November 2001, Virginia Beach, VA, and the American Educational Research Association meeting, April 2004, San Diego, California.     

The developing mental lexicon: evidence from morphological priming of irregular Hebrew forms

This study investigated the development of automatic word recognition processes, in particular the development of the morphological level of processing. We examined masked priming of Hebrew irregular forms at two levels of reading experience. Both third- and seventh-grade children showed morphological priming for defective roots when primes and targets conformed to the canonical morphological structure, containing all three letters of the roots, and also when the surface form of the primes and targets contained only two of the root letters. However, priming was not observed when primes and targets did not overlap in the surface form of the roots, i.e. the full three-letter root as prime and only two root letters in the target. These results suggest that both tri- and bi-consonantal representations of defective roots exist in the mental lexicon of young readers. The formation of interconnections between these allomorphic representations, however, requires more extensive reading experience.     

《尔雅》在训诂学史上的开创意义

《尔雅》是我国最早的按照词义系统和事物分类来沟通“正统语言”与其他语言系统间的词义关系的词学专著。它在语词训释实践中。反映了诸多训诂原则和训诂方法,开创了中国训诂中的“词义互释”方法和“义界释词”方法,为训诂学的产生奠定了理论基础。     

“关关雎鸠”考释

“关关雎鸠”是以雎鸠鸟的雌雄和鸣,兴起“乐得淑女以配君子”的主题。这种说法,不仅渊源有自,且亦可由《关雎》一诗的音乐性质得以证明。认为此句是以鱼鹰求鱼象征男子向女子求爱的观点,其实未必能够成立。《关雎》诗以本句起兴,取义有二：一以春季物候兴发婚姻主题,二则以雎鸠之“挚而有别”兴发婚姻之性质。其内容和音乐都吻合西周之端肃典正的礼乐精神。     

慧琳《一切经音义》中的一些转注字

转注是在转注原语的基础上加注意符的一种造字方式；转注字就是在转注原语的基础上加注意符而成的文字。唐释慧琳《一切经音义》中的转注字疲、橐、蛭、麝、牵、揜、图、夤、翕、罅和祢进一步对此做出了有力的证明。     

Religious education and the interwar intellectuals: a secularism case study

ABSTRACT

For some time now, the idea of secularism has been the subject of renewed scrutiny. Statistical portraits, representing a simple, if relentless, narrative have been increasingly disparaged by scholars as unhelpful. Statistical secularism, as we may call it, tells a story of decline and little else. It is incapable of telling the real story which is one in which religious experience becomes hyper-fragmented. The memoirs and reminiscences of those English intellectuals who came to maturity in the interwar period have a contribution to make to this discussion. These pieces of life-writing reveal both the march of secularism in action but also the emergence of new religious experiences. At the heart of these radical changes was a widespread dissatisfaction with the way in which they were taught their religious faith. Where the experts of their day cautioned against teaching students doctrine, students like Evelyn Waugh, W. H. Auden and John Betjeman were particularly critical of that very concession. Thus, we get the chance to tease out an attitudinal pattern towards the religious education of the period and its contribution to the growing experience of secularism.     

对创新教育的再认识

文章通过对创新教育的意义与内涵的再论述,阐明了创新教育是当代教育发展的必然趋势,提出了发展创新教育的一些认识。     

《方言调查字表》入声字在普通话中的分派情况

入声字是上古音在方言中的遗留。作对《方言调查字表》中入声字的分派情况做了穷尽性的统计，总结了入声字在普通话中的分派规律，通过研究，发现《方言调查字表》中的入声字没有现在普通话中属鼻韵母的字等。此项研究对于掌握普通话具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

采用DDE技术实现VFP与WORD动态数据变换

介绍数据库应用程序开发中不常用的方法——DDE技术，通过它可以实现VFP所不具备的或处理能力薄弱的功能(如格式处理)，使数据库系统更加完善。并给出相应实现过程供参考。