理学方法和唐诗批评的美学趣味

诗学理论中的"性情"说,发展到宋代,受到理学的深刻影响.北宋的中后期开始,理学思想及方法对于诗歌理论和诗学方法的渗透,儒家传统诗教中的"情动于中,而形于言"的内涵,因理学的观念和概念的提出而扩充了.其中首先是对"发乎情志"的界定.此时的"情志",已经不是原先单纯的出于自然的诗人个人情感,而是所谓合乎"天理"的"自然",这样,诗人的自然之情便要受到某种制约,而不是像先前那样,是随意的流泻.这里藏伏下来的因素,日后便成为后代诗学方法中,强调"性情"与"法度"统一的先兆.诗学理论与实践中,所谓的"自然"与"法度",或者"性情"与"法度"的统一,在"理"和"道"的层面上,根本无法实施,而只能落实到具体的诗歌技巧如"平仄"的运用中去.理学范畴中的矛盾最后导致诗歌创作实践中摹拟措施的产生.严羽及<沧浪诗话>中的许多观点的形成,都与宋代理学观念与方法有联系,而并非仅仅是"以禅喻诗".甚至可以说,严羽只是对前期深受理学方法影响的唐诗观的一次专业性总结.     

试论清末女子学校教育

清末女子学校教育是近代妇女解放的发端，其显特征是：1、戊戌维新时期女子学校教育与新化事业并进，呈现出贵族化倾向；2、辛亥女子学校教育与前相比各种矛盾日益突出。     

建国初期中国共产党的富农政策

富农问题,是贯穿在整个民主革命时期的一个特殊而复杂的问题。由于各种原因,中国共产党在不同时期对富农政策并不一样,大致经历了从打击到联合,从排斥到共存,从限制到取缔的复杂过程。文章分析了中国共产党在建国初期的富农政策,总结了中国共产党建国初期的农村政策的特点。     

民国时期西南地区的边疆教育研究

国民政府为实现民族同化，而重视边疆教育。国民政府教育部颁布了许多法令，制定计划大纲，专门成立了教育部蒙藏教育委员会、蒙藏教育司，负责边疆教育事项，并在边疆各省建立了各级边疆学校。边疆地方政府也兴办了大量的边疆学校，培养边疆人才。民国时期的边疆教育，不仅仅是学校教育，也包括社会教育。     

留学生与清未民初的移风易俗

伴随着中国社会的转型,清末民初的社会风俗在近代化起步后受社会进步思潮和西方文化的冲击,呈现出移风易俗的新气象,体现了社会的进步。其间,学成归国的留学生们对“天下移风”起到了不可忽视的作用。他们对清末民初移风易俗的贡献主要体现在两方面:一、理论上积极倡导,创办刊物,著书立说,宣扬移风易俗的意义,主张剪辫易服,废除跪拜,反对男尊女卑,提倡婚姻自由,并组织风俗改良团体,制定法令,发表演说等。二、他们在积极倡导移风易俗的同时,更以可贵的勇气身体力行,成为铲除社会陋俗、树立社会新风的重要力量,并体现出大多以西方国家的习俗为楷模、融入爱国主义情怀、参与领域广泛和女留学生更为注重妇女解放等特点。     

网络高等教育"春秋时代"的质量保证浅析

我国目前的网络高等教育还处于“春秋时代”,充满着活力、竞争和变革。但是,网络高等教育不得不面对教育质量这个日益突出而又亟待解决的问题。从招生定位、教学完善、考核标准以及文凭发放四个角度,分别论述了如何保证网络高等教育质量的问题。     

On the critical period of Chinese pupils’ moral development: Retrospect and prospect

Research into the critical period of Chinese pupils’ moral development is one of the most important parts in the field of moral psychological study. This paper reviews 20-year literature available on the critical period of pupils’ moral development and its instruments to measure it. It also gives details of its inadequate research into pupils’ moral development and then concludes with some conjectures about the future of this field of study. __________ Translated from Psychological Science, 2005 (2) The authors are grateful to Prof. Zhang Dajun of Research Institute of Education Science, Southwest University of China to this study.     

新疆少数民族预科学生汉语学习课程、课时、教材问题调查分析

在新疆高校对少数民族预科学生的汉语教学过程中，预科阶段的汉语课程设置、课时安排、教材使用等问题长期以来一直是困扰预科汉语教育与教学发展的棘手问题。通过对调查问卷的分析。从学生的评估中可看出，所调查的问题有其合理之处，也有急需改进之处。     

高师《地球概论》课程教学改革的理论与实践

根据地球概论课程内容多、难度大和课时少等特点,对该课程如何适应时代要求,进一步深入改革的必要性和改革重点进行了分析和研究。通过调整教学内容、突出重点、精讲多练、单元测试、多媒体辅助教学、试题库建设、加强学生能力培养、重视教师素质提高等改革措施,使地球概论课程的教学质量和教学效率得到明显提高。     

Heroes of resiliency and reciprocity: teachers’ supporting role for reconceptualizing superhero play in early childhood settings

Superhero play is a specialised form of fantasy play with considerable appeal to young children. During superhero play, children have opportunities to pretend and often to play different types of roles within a safe and caring environment. When guided appropriately in an early childhood classroom, superhero play gives young children opportunities to gain a sense of mastery and empowerment as well as developmentally appropriate benefits by improving language skills, problem-solving and cooperation with peers. By recognising and modelling the characteristics of resiliency and promoting kindness with peers during superhero play, teachers can encourage children to be kind and resilient heroes to classroom friends. As today’s classrooms increasingly include diverse members, it is important for young children to understand and appreciate the peers they play and learn with at school. The result may be a richer learning experience and may break down barriers that can produce unfairness, bullying and aggressive behaviours. This article explores the essence of superhero fantasy play along with its benefits for young children. In addition, the article examines the challenge of superhero play in classrooms for early childhood educators by exploring teachers’ roles in play. A new pedagogy for supporting superhero play is introduced, addressing spiritual and educational concerns by suggesting ways in which teachers can increase resiliency, encourage new friendships and build classroom community among peers during play and classroom activities.