The Structural Adjustment of Football in Zambia: Politics,Decline and Dispersal, 1991–1994

Abstract

This paper explores multiple and complex relationships between football (soccer), politics, and the economy in postcolonial Zambia. Based on archival and oral sources collected in Zambia, the paper argues that President Frederick Chiluba’s government failed to support football development when it came into power in 1991 because it was elected on a platform of liberalizing the collapsing national economy. Chiluba privatized state-owned companies that were sponsoring the game resulting in the plummeting of the local standards and migration of talented footballers abroad in search of better livelihoods. Furthermore, the paper argues that while the exodus of talented footballers led to the deterioration of the standards of the local league, their transnational experience boosted the performance of the Zambia national football team. This led to the emergence of one of the best national teams the country has ever had. Unfortunately, this particular team perished in the Gabon air disaster in 1993 following the government’s disinvestment in the game. However, a few months after the disaster, the country managed to rebuild a national football team, which emerged as runners up to Nigeria in the 1994 African Cup of Nations final as a result of a large pool of local and foreign-based football players.     

Disentangling Race: Re-Narrating Apartheid Sport?

Abstract

This paper involves a search for interracial entanglements in South African sport and considers how these experiences may be narrated. The paper comprises three sections. The first provides an overview of traditional narratives of apartheid and apartheid sport that focus on race as a perpetual marker of social division. The second section shifts attention to the gaps, blind spots, mistakes, paradoxes, ironies, anomalies, ambiguities and invisibilities in the structures of apartheid that allowed for racial encounters and entanglements. The paper concludes with a discussion about the methodological and political implications of incorporating racial entanglements into narratives of apartheid sport.     

以图画为本位的文学--图画书的演变史

中国原创图画书开始走向世界,但中国图画书的历史可能比西方更早。图画书本质上是一种出版现象,在中西方不同文化背景中有不同的呈现方式。中西方图画书同源于儿童读物的插图,随着出版科技的进步和读图时代的到来,从“出版热”逐渐形成“文学热”,从“文字的儿童读物”演化为“图画书的儿童文学”,在新世纪交流融合中发展为儿童文学的典型样式——绘本。中国原创图画书的复兴有其深刻的历史文化背景和深厚的民族文学传统,建设中国特色的图画书评价标准和理论体系应该提上议事日程。     

缘起法则缺失--"重写文学史"散论

文章通过对重写文学史的缘起、应遵循的方法原则及在写作中当预防的层面等的阐述，阐明了文学史写作的终极目标虚是产生出具有审美性和个人立场的研究型的学术著作，且这种文学史的重写工作需要不断进行。     

从对社交指示语的翻译看忠实原则的限度

从对社交指示语的翻译入手 ,论述了翻译的忠实性原则在实际的翻译过程中的限度 ,旨在说明翻译理论不应只探讨翻译的原则问题 ,还应该纳入语用学、逻辑学、语体学、美学等学科的研究成果 ,探讨语言系统之间的翻译限度等问题     

信息时代下的翻译教学

信息时代的来临和大众阅读需求、阅读习惯的改变，使我们需要重新认识翻译的定义，翻译应体现时代性，适应时代的发展变化。而信息时代的翻译教学，除了要提高教师的教育技能，还要重视学生现代翻译理念的培养和现代翻译技能的掌握。     

文化传递与直译

翻译离不开文化的传递，翻译的主要任务是在的文(target text)中再现原文(source text)的思想内容，促进文化交流。文章从分析东西方文化意义完全不同的两组对应词“龙”和“dragon”与“东风”和“west wind”入手，阐明了翻译中的直译是值得推崇的文化传递途径，其能保留原语文化，使读者感到新鲜生动；能丰富译语文化，扩大读者的知识视野：能促进文化交流，丰富和提高民族文化。     

谈汉英科技翻译的原则及方法

本文将阐述汉英科技翻译中应遵循的准确性、清晰性、简洁性和客观性原则,并对实现这些原则拟采用的翻译方法进行探讨。     

人道主义的超越：马克思的人道主义思想研究

在建立历史唯物主义的过程中，马克思把自己历史观和世界观意义上的人道主义改造为伦理学和价值学意义上来看待，是西方思想中固有的传统并且是占据主导地位的。这种人道主义偏重于对历史的人性化理解和解释，而缺少对人本身价值要求的真正关注；把人道主义当作伦理和价值学方面的准则和要求来看待，并把其当作理解人道主义的出发点和全部内涵．则是马克思人道主义思想对西方历史观和世界观的人道主义的超越。     

试谈语言接触中的借用现象

民族之间的贸易往来、战争征服、迁徙杂居、文化交流等各种形式的接触,都必然会引起语言的接触。无论是哪种形式的接触,无论程度怎样、性质如何,一经接触必然会相互影响,这表现在语言成分的借用和吸收方面。借用现象在语言接触中是一种普遍的现象,因为任何一种语言都不是孤立的。借用现象无论对借方还是被借方都产生过重要的影响。文章从借用的形式、借用的趋向、借用的作用及影响对语言接触中的借用现象进行论证。