中国街头田径赛事开展的积极效应与优化路径探析

新时代的到来,田径运动被赋予更深的时代内涵,街头田径赛事的发展为田径运动注入新的活力。运用实地调查、文献资料、数理统计、逻辑分析等方法对街头田径赛事的发展进行研究。主要结论:街头田径赛事具有促进田径文化塑造和传播、改善体育人口、提升竞技水平、推动体育产业发展的作用。优化策略:平衡男女项目、增加群众项目、提高群众参与度;增加举办场次、增设比赛项目、提高场地利用率;整合资源、寻求赞助商、加大赛事宣传力度。     

被《世界遗产名录》遗忘的遗产--黄山屯溪老街

屯溪老街是目前保存最为完好的一座古商业街.无论是它的地理位置、选址,还是建筑风格和形式以及与自然环境的和谐统一,都不失为建筑典范.它的经历和装饰解读了一段不寻常的历史.本文从历史、艺术和科学的角度展示其宝贵的价值,以唤起人们对它的保护意识.     

街舞--21世纪体育科学研究新课题

街舞自70年代末、80年代初诞生以来即风靡于世界；现今我国街舞理论发展滞后；从自然科学、人文科学和社会科学三个领域来展现街舞理论的科研方向．同时把三个领域包含的各个学科研讨范畴与街舞实际相结合，并指出体育科学研究新领域——街舞理论研究课题的选题方向。     

从《米格尔街》看奈保尔与契诃夫短篇小说的相似之处

印裔英国移民作家维迪雅达.苏拉吉普拉萨德.奈保尔2001年荣获诺贝尔文学奖。《米格尔街》是奈保尔最早创作的短篇小说集,曾获得萨姆塞特.毛姆短篇小说奖。奈保尔的这部小说集虽创作于早期,属其试笔之作,却在选材、叙述笔调的冷峻和幽默以及情节的处理方面,与短篇小说巨匠契诃夫的作品有着相似之处。     

Student behaviors, teacher reinforcement, student ability, and learning

Ninety-eight children were observed for 6-min periods on each of 10 days during 50-min, small-group classes in either mathematics, science, geography, or language usage. Two student behaviors (on-task behavior and accuracy of responding to teacher-directed questions) and three types of teacher reinforcement (verbal reinforcement for on-task behavior and accurate responding and tangible reinforcers) were coded during each observation period. A post-test of achievement, directly related to the content of the lessons, was administered at the end of the 10 days of instruction. The causal effects of student behaviors, teacher reinforcement, and student ability (reading achievement and intelligence) on achievement were evaluated using path analysis. The strongest effects were from student ability measures, with accurate responding by students and teacher reinforcement of accurate responding exhibiting smaller, but significant effects. Findings are discussed to qualify the relationship between overt classroom behaviors and degree of learning and the mediating effects of student ability.     

论市井文化对明代晚期书籍的影响

明代晚期市井文化的兴盛对当时的文学艺术都产生了巨大的影响,作为当时文化载体之一的书籍在市井文化的熏陶下呈现出一种不同于之前的活泼形态。本文试从市井文化入手,探讨在这场文化浪潮下人们审美及消费心理的变化给书籍带来的种种影响。     

The Magic of the Brush and the Power of Color: Integrating Theory into Practice of Painting in Early Childhood Settings

Painting in early childhood classrooms should have its own values and purposes enriching young children's aesthetic intelligence rather than being considered as mere supplements to other art activities. The three approaches to painting in early childhood settings – Bank Street, Reggio, and Waldorf – consider painting as the core of integrated curriculum and present a coherent relationship between theory and practice. Materials and instructional methods for painting within each approach appear to be unique and provide insights for early childhood teachers.     

A review of reliability procedures for measuring observer agreement

The present article reviews the procedures that have been developed for measuring the reliability of human observers' judgments when making direct observations of behavior. Measures such as the percentage of agreement, Cohen's kappa, and phi have been used to measure observer agreement; however, these coefficients have serious limitations. In addition to specifying the deficiencies that exist with these excessively used reliability measures, the present article discusses recently developed univariate and multivariate agreement measures that are based on quasi-equiprobability and quasi-independence models and estimates. Improvements in precision are provided by such models and estimates since they (1) yield a probability based coefficient of agreement with a directly interpretable meaning, (2) correct for the proportion of “chance” agreement, and (3) allow the partitioning of the agreement and disagreement estimates within the models.     

Latent variable models: Applications in education

Most theories in the social sciences involve relationships among constructs which are not directly observable. Behavioral measures exist of all constructs, such as intelligence, creativity, and other cognitive traits, aggressiveness, sociability, and other personality and affective characteristics; but these observed measures are usually assumed to be imperfect indicators of the (presumed) underlying construct. The imperfections exist because of errors of measurement and because the observed behavior may be influenced by other underlying constructs in addition to the one of primary interest. Statistical methods, called latent variable models, have been developed to provide rigorous tests of theories involving unobserved variables. This paper describes the major types of latent variable models, shows how they can be applied in educational research, and gives representative examples of their use from the literature.     

An investigation of the Iranians' attitudes towards goals of education

This study investigated the attitudes of the Iranian people towards educational goals. The Ss were twelfth grade students, their parents and teachers (93, 58 and 85, respectively) from the middle class school districts of Tehran, Iran. The measure was an adaptation of the semantic differential consisting of 14 items representing educational goals of the new system of education in Iran. Thirteen bipolar adjectives were used for rating the goals.ANOVAS produced significant differences among the attitudes of the three groups against more than 6 of the 13 adjectival measures for the goals of training creative individuals, broadening people's minds, and the acquisition of knowledge, and significant differences against 12 of the 13 adjectival measures the goal of preparing the individuals for the acquisition of wealth. The Scheffe Multiple Comparison Procedure Technique showed that on most of the measures there is a close convergence between the attitudes of the students and teachers, and these two groups seem to be more idealistic in their educational views than the Iranian parents.