Early years teachers and the influence of Piaget: evidence from oral history

In studying the historical development of early years provision, a clear factor in raising its profile was the growth in scientific study of children, especially the reception and interpretation of Piaget's research. For an understanding of how the mediation of new thinking and new discoveries influenced students and teachers, textbooks provide an important documentary source, but evidence is also available through oral history in the living memories of practitioners themselves. This paper draws on the testimony of early years teachers who began their careers between 1927 and 1955 and continued teaching into the 1960s and 1970s. The account below begins with reflections on psychology and education in the early decades of the twentieth century drawn from a 1936 conference organised by the Nursery School Association of Great Britain, and from a widely used textbook that represents the gradual trend towards ‘fragmentation’ of educational theory into a multiplicity of disciplines. Reference is then made to two popular textbooks by prominent Froebelians, Brearley and Hitchfield, and by Ruth Beard illustrating the growing influence of Piaget as a post facto rationale for a pedagogy that was proceeding by instinct. Walkerdine, Lister and Hall are researchers who have investigated from various angles the impact of Piagetian psychology on primary practice, but the process whereby this translation from the laboratory to the classroom takes place is one that demands further investigation. Vital evidence lies in the living memories of early years teachers whose careers spanned the 1930s to the 1970s and a rich quality and personal texture of the data is apparent as retired early years teachers recounted their professional careers. It offers a more complex account than the grand narratives that historians have traditionally compiled from purely documentary evidence centring on great thinkers, key texts and policy initiatives. The role of in‐service education was clearly important in the experiences recalled in this paper. Above all we find evidence of a distinctive shift in teacher–child relationships over that historical period and of the contribution made to this by psychological theory, epitomised in the figure of Piaget and in his focus on the individual learner.     

网络环境下的高校《中国历史文选》教学改革

利用网络环境下的各种资源进行教学改革,不仅可以克服高校《中国历史文选》传统教学模式中的一些缺陷,充分发挥网络资源的优势,也可以提高学生的学习兴趣,丰富教学资源,促进学生的研究性学习,培养学生的创新意识和学习能力,便于师生之间的交流,对实现以学生为本的教育目标大有帮助。但网络并不能解决教学中的所有问题,在教学改革中,必须突出教材和教师的主导地位,师生也应提高自身素质,以适应时代需要。     

浅析高校如何有效实施双语教学

双语教学在我国各高校纷纷展开,但实际收效不大。针对这种情况,本文探讨了高校有效实施双语教学面临的一些问题,并针对这些问题提出了解决对策。     

Canada and the Pan-American Games

Abstract

Canadians have been involved in every edition of the Pan-American Games since they were inaugurated in Buenos Aires in 1951. That participation has provided thousands of Canadian athletes, coaches, and officials memorable international experiences. But the focus of Canadian involvement with the Pan-Ams has been the staging of games as a strategy for city building, city branding, and infrastructural investment. This paper examines the Pan-American Games of Winnipeg in 1967 and 1999 and Toronto 2015 as exemplars of that strategy. It argues that with the successes of those games, major games hosting has become virtually an article of faith of Canadian sport policy.     

历史研究是一切社会科学的基础

2018年1月3日,中国历史研究院成立。习近平总书记代表党中央致信祝贺。贺信特别强调了历史研究的重要价值。历史研究之所以重要,是因为“世界的今天是从世界的昨天发展而来的。     

是谁在误读《史记》——与冯其庸先生商榷兼质疑卞孝萱先生

文章着重对冯其庸先生在《项羽不死于乌江考》及其附录《千百年来一座有名无实的九头山》一文中所称"误读"《史记》与以假乱真的实地考察两个方面进行商榷,兼质疑卞孝萱先生对冯文的评议,以期还原历史,以正视听,以正学风。     

学术史研究的新境界

进化史观的传播，新史学思潮的初步确立，冲击着传统学术史的编纂方式。进入二十世纪后，摆脱由纪传体史书演化而来的学案体学术史束缚，编撰崭新的章节体学术史，成为历史编撰学的重要课题。在建构中国学术史的新体系的历程中，出现了象梁启超著的《论中国学术史变迁之大势》，刘师培的《周末学术史序》，章太炎的《清儒》、《学隐》、《学变》等用新观点、新方法写成的学术史著作，开创了学术史研究的新境界。本文主要对梁启超著的《论中国学术史变迁之大势》做较为系统的分析，兼顾对其他用新观点写出的学术史著作进行阐释。     

浅谈改革现行高校世界古代史教材的必要性

随着教育部对世界古代史课程的改革和调整,现行版本的教材已难以适应当前教学的需要。改革现行世界古代史教材,成为各高校世界古代史教学面临的重要问题。     

“言事相兼”的叙事范本——论文学特质在《左传》中的彰显

《左传》作为我国第一部成熟的编年体史书,以其叙述的典范性为后世史传文学和叙事文学奠定了坚实的基础。其在叙事方式上亦史亦文的特点,以及它在叙事方式中体现的思想性和兼容性,都超越了之前所有的历史著作。文章以叙事角度进行文本分析,藉由对《左传》叙事结构、表现形式及其话语的把握,凸显它作为一部史书的浓厚文学特质。     

论《左传》中的贿赂现象

贿赂是国家的伴生物,在《左传》中也有相关记载。本文着重分析《左传》中的贿赂所涉及的受贿者、行贿目的、以及贿赂的危害等。《左传》中的受贿者大致可分为国家与个人两类;诸侯国之间行贿多是为了避免战争或追讨叛乱之人,个人行贿一般是为了一己私利。贿赂的危害性是非常严重的,可喜的是已经有不少有识之士认识到了这一点,并用实际言行来反对贿赂。