日本决定加入TPP谈判的双层博弈分析--基于日经中文网①的相关报道

日本通过国内、国际两个层次的博弈作出了加入TPP 谈判的决定。在国内层次上,日本政府主要通过制定农业改革政策、在TPP 谈判中要求设置“例外品种”等措施减轻了来自反对派“农协”的压力,并得到了产业界及国内民众的支持;在国际层次上,日本在得到不必在谈判之前事先承诺单方面取消所有关税,与美国确认双方存在应予以照顾的“敏感产品”的承诺的同时,也满足了美国要求日本开放农业、美国汽车业界要求的在谈判中维持美国的汽车进口关税、日本以简单手续扩大进口美国汽车等相关诉求。     

The promise and peril of the state in neoliberal times: implications for the critical environmental education movement in Brazil

Neoliberal ideology has made an impact on environmental education (EE) policies and practices in Brazil. The EE in Family Agriculture Program, of national scope and administered by the Ministry of the Environment, seeks to promote sustainable development in rural areas, specifically through strategies focused on adult education and non-formal education aimed at small producers (family agriculture). This program reveals profound ideological contradictions between the critical and transformative rhetoric of public policy and the actual program structures and practices administered by the state in a dependent economy, which primarily serve to reinforce a capitalist mode of production marked by high environmental impact and deeply stratified class relations. In the neoliberal era, states intending to protect the environment through critical EE strategies suffer serious limitations due to their role as stewards of a globalized economy based on the supply of raw materials, high-impact land-use, and a cheap labor force.     

Societal Perceptions of Agriculture: A Brunei Case Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of Bruneian lower secondary students, and, their teachers and parents of agriculture.

Desisgn/methodology/approach: The sample of the study was 151 lower secondary agriculture students, and, their 138 parents and eight teachers. The data, using one-shot case study (pre-experimental design) survey design, were collected by administering three survey instruments (20 items each) covering four scales: (1) importance of agriculture, (2) knowledge of agriculture, (3) agriculture training in schools, and (4) parent/teacher support to students. The items in the instruments were modified to make them suitable for students, teachers and parents, without changing their content and context.

Findings: The findings suggest that the respondents' perceptions (teachers mean scores being the highest) were positive and they agreed that agriculture and its training at schools are important for the nation; people should have knowledge of agriculture and related fields, and, parents should support their children to study agriculture. Forms 1, 2 and 3 students' perceptions about the four scales were significantly different, but not of age and gender based groups. Parents' educational qualifications influenced their perceptions not the gender.

Practical implications: The Brunei government should improve agriculture training facilities at secondary level and start tertiary agriculture institutions to attract quality students to the field and to minimise its dependence on expatriates.

Originality/value: The findings will guide the Brunei government to achieve its vision to produce highly knowledgeable and skilled locals and have a competitive and dynamic economy.     

阳春市依托农业文化资源发展创意休闲农业的SWOT分析

阳春市依托其农业文化资源发展创意休闲农业,既能更好地满足人们体验与自然和谐相处的休闲需要,又能满足发展农村经济增加农民收入的需要;既可以提升休闲农业产业竞争力,又能促进阳春休闲农业转型升级。阳春有得天独厚的旅游资源优势和丰富的农业文化资源,具有发展创意休闲农业的基础;但休闲农业项目数量少档次不高,缺乏科学统一规划,文化内涵挖掘不够等。乡村旅游和农业休闲市场的快速发展,政府部门对休闲农业和乡村旅游高度重视,都为创意休闲农业的转型发展提供契机,也应该正视创意休闲农业;与此同时,创意休闲农业也面临挑战,如滨海旅游市场的挑战、人才流失的挑战和资金转移的挑战。     

我国高产高效现代农业发展的战略

面对人口增加、粮食单产徘徊以及集约化农业环境代价日益加剧的严峻局面, 将高产和高效结合, 持续提高作物单产, 同时高效利用有限的资源, 即实现大面积高产高效成为我国乃至世界现代农业发展的唯一选择。文章介绍了国际高产高效现代农业发展道路的探索实例, 分析了我国粮食作物高产高效的潜力及需要解决的关键问题, 阐述了我国发展高产高效现代农业的"两步走战略"的内涵、途径及其措施。     

基于动态偏离-份额模型的广东省农业产业结构和竞争力研究

利用动态偏离-份额模型对2003-2012年广东省农业产业结构和竞争力进行研究,发现除农林牧渔服务业外,广东省农业及其种植业、林业、牧业和渔业部门的发展主要依靠全国农业发展带动;广东省农业结构调整取得了一定成果,但种植业和牧业结构尚需调整;广东省农业及其部门发展均缺乏竞争力,并且除农林牧渔服务业以外,竞争弱势是制约各部门发展的首因。所以,在调整农业结构的进程中,提升农业竞争力将卓有成效地促进广东省农业发展。     

基于模块化思想的农村信息系统建设

农业信息化是农业现代化的重要标志，如何实现农业信息的有效配置和信息系统的建设是我国目前所面临的重要问题。本文通过对农村现有问题的分析，基于模块化的思想构建农村信息系统，使农村信息能够更有效的传达。     

王家坡气候条件特点及其生态农业发展

本文详细论述了王家坡气候资源图特点，各种农作物、林木、牧草及家畜的生态特征以及它们对气候条件的要求，最后提出了该地区生态农业的发展设想。     

农业创新活动中的知识产权分析评议框架构建与实证分析

[目的/意义]农业创新活动有其特殊性和复杂性，使得农业知识产权呈现出多样性。将涉农专利、植物新品种权、地理标志3种最具代表性的农业知识产权创新性地引入农业创新活动中的知识产权分析评议中，旨在为科学开展农业领域的分析评议提供参考借鉴。[方法/过程]以解决创新问题这一评议目的为导向，以3种农业知识产权评议对象为主线，探讨分析评议流程中关键环节内容与功能定位，据此构建适用农业产业的分析评议框架，并通过百合产业案例进行实证分析。[结果/结论]分析评议框架对创新发现内容的揭示，实现从时间、结构、空间分布3个维度，以及创新活动规模、质量、绩效和创新主体能力等4个方面展示农业创新活动态势，能够为解决农业创新活动中的创新问题，特别是创新定位、程度、模式、方向、路径五大创新启示的获取提供新的视角、思路和途径。     

我国精确农业技术产业化问题研究

精确农业技术自成体系,产业化是精确农业技术的唯一出路。在我国,精确农业技术产业化是一个漫长、渐进的过程,需要全社会相关部门的通力合作。应有所侧重地实现一部分精确农业技术的产业化,如电子传感器、节水和节肥等精确农业技术。