Establishing a practical treadmill sprint as an alternative to the Wingate anaerobic test

This study examined the validity and reliability of a 30-second running sprint test using two non-motorized treadmills compared to the established Wingate Anaerobic Test. Twenty-four participants completed three sessions in a randomized order on a: (1) manual mode treadmill (Woodway); (2) specialized interval training treadmill (HiTrainer); and (3) Wingate cycle ergometer. In a subset of 15 participants, 2 additional sessions were completed on both treadmills to establish the test–retest reliability. Peak (Woodway: r = .68; HiTrainer: r = .58; p < .003), average (Woodway: r = .82; HiTrainer: r = .72, p < .001), and minimum (Woodway: r = .64; HiTrainer: r = .42, p < .043) speed indices were moderately to very strongly correlated with corresponding Wingate Anaerobic Test outputs and had excellent test–retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficients > .75). Fatigue index during the Wingate Anaerobic Test (51.20 ± 7.14%) was moderately correlated with the Woodway (32.9 ± 10.9%, r = .55, p = .005) only. This 30-second running sprint test may be a valid and reliable mode-specific alternative to the Wingate Anaerobic Test.     

Predictive value of ventilatory inflection points determined under field conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive potential provided by two ventilatory inflection points (VIP₁ and VIP₂) examined in field without using gas analysis systems and uncomfortable facemasks. A calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) and a computerised routine were utilised, respectively, to derive ventilation and to detect VIP₁ and VIP₂ during a standardised field ramp test on a 400 m running track on 81 participants. In addition, average running speed of a competitive 1000 m run (S_1k) was observed as criterion. The predictive value of running speed at VIP₁ (S_VIP1) and the speed range between VIP₁ and VIP₂ in relation to VIP₂ (VIP_SPAN) was analysed via regression analysis. VIP_SPAN rather than running speed at VIP₂ (S_VIP2) was operationalised as a predictor to consider the covariance between S_VIP1 and S_VIP2. S_VIP1 and VIP_SPAN, respectively, provided 58.9% and 22.9% of explained variance in regard to S_1k. Considering covariance, the timing of two ventilatory inflection points provides predictive value in regard to a competitive 1000 m run. This is the first study to apply computerised detection of ventilatory inflection points in a field setting independent on measurements of the respiratory gas exchange and without using any facemasks.     

Russians are the fastest and the youngest in the “Comrades Marathon”

The present retrospective study intended to determine age, performance, the role of nationality and participation trends across calendar years in runners competing in “Comrades Marathon”, the ultra-marathon with the longest tradition and the highest number of finishers worldwide. We analysed 235,467 finishers (40,211 women and 195,256 men) competing between 1994 and 2017. In women and men, Russians were the fastest (12.55 ± 2.03 km/h and 12.24 ± 2.93 km/h, respectively) and Indians the slowest (7.87 ± 0.64 km/h and 7.91 ± 0.60 km/h) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.053 and η2 = 0.010, small effect size, ES). Also, Russians were the youngest (33.9 ± 4.6 and 36.3 ± 5.9 years, respectively) and Japanese the oldest (49.3 ± 9.6 and 51.4 ± 12.3 years, respectively) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.011, small ES). Performance improved (r = 0.90 in women and r = 0.92 in men), age of finishers (r = 0.91 in women and r = 0.97 in men), participation (r = 0.92 in women and r = 0.87 in men) and sex difference in age increased (r = 0.71), whereas men-to-women ratio (r = ?0.91) and sex difference in performance (r = ?0.68) decreased across calendar years (p < 0.001). In summary, runners from Russia were the fastest and the youngest in both sexes. The knowledge of the relationship of nationality with performance, age and participation trends of finishers, and changes across calendar years are of practical importance for ultra-runners and coaches working with them.     

总结发展经验探讨发展思路

首先从明确刊物定位、强化特色意识、不断改革创新、广开发行渠道等4个方面对2002年编辑部的工作进行了回顾。其次，从发挥联办优势，办出刊物特色；注重社会实践性和实效性；提高协作组的学术研究层次；开办广告经营等方面对未来的工作目标进行了展望。     

男子400m分段时间对运动成绩的影响及血乳酸值的变化

通过对不同训练水平400m运动员两次比赛实际分段时间、运动成绩、血乳酸值等进行测试和评定发现:前0～100m分段时间相对过快,必然引起后300～400m分段时间相对过慢,造成运动成绩差,血乳酸值相对高。分析:0～100m分段时间相对过快,缩短了作加速运动的距离,促使肌肉和血液中的乳酸积累速率成非线性加大,造成在离终点还有一定距离时,运动速度相对迅速减慢,此时运动对能源物质的消耗所产生乳酸引起血乳酸。     

浅论影响中国男排快速多变发挥的因素

通过对组织“快速多变”进攻战术体系基本条件的分析,针对中国男排的进攻战术体系,进一步分析影响中国男排快速多变发挥的因素。     

高三女生800m跑施行单元教学与体能提高的实验研究

本文通过对高三年级女生施行耐久跑单元教学法结合娱乐教学的实验研究,激发了学生良好的学习兴趣,学生的体能有了显著性提高,实验证明耐久跑单元教学对提高高中女生800m跑成绩有着较好的教学效果。     

我国优秀男子手球运动员比赛跑动特征研究

手球比赛属于集体球类对抗性项目,比赛跑动能力体现出技术、战术、体能等诸多因素,是比赛制胜的重要因素。对我国男子手球运动员在男子手球联赛、十一届全运会以及第16届亚运会等大型赛事的备战和系列比赛展开研究,结果表明:1)不同位置运动员全场跑动总距离在3 951～4 552m之间,平均为4 249m,跑动距离最多的是边锋,最少的是内锋。2)冲刺跑和高速跑动距离最多的是边锋,最少的是中锋;中速跑动距离最多的是边锋,最少的是中锋;低速跑动距离最多的是中锋,最少的是边锋;慢跑距离最多的是组织,最少的是边锋;走动距离最多的是边锋,最少的是组织。3)手球运动员的全场跑动轨迹是以各位置运动员在两个进攻区域之间以近似直线式的轨迹活动。4)全场进攻和防守的跑动次数分别为70次和78次,平均每25s会有一次跑动,不分速度的情况下平均每次移动的距离为28.71m。     

全面贯彻"三个代表"重要思想努力办好科学技术期刊

论述把"代表中国先进社会生产力的发展要求"作为办刊的宗旨,把"代表中国先进文化的前进方向"作为办刊方向,把"代表中国最广大人民的根本利益"作为刊物的根本利益的重要性.提出在不断提高我国科技期刊全面质量的实践中贯彻"三个代表"重要思想的一些措施和途径.     

健身跑者跑步风险认知评价模型的构建及实证分析

随着健身跑者越来越多,由于跑步引发的运动损伤事故也随之俱增,提高健身跑者的跑步风险认知水平迫在眉睫。基于扎根理论,运用“Nvivo 11.0”构建健身跑风险因素理论模型,通过因子分析构建并验证健身跑者跑步风险认知评价模型,并发放调查问卷进行实证调查。结果表明:健身跑者跑步风险认知评价模型包括个人身心状况、跑步环境因素、跑步技术程序、个人参赛管理、跑步中物的因素5个因子,个人身心状况和跑步环境因素最为关键;健身跑者整体风险认知水平较低,跑步环境因素和物的因素得分较高,个人身心状况和跑步技术程序得分较低;女性健身跑者对跑步风险的认知水平显著高于男性,不同年龄、跑龄、学历和职业的健身跑者之间对于跑步风险的认知水平存在不同程度的显著差异。建议建立以学校体育为主导的家庭、学校、社会“三位一体”的跑步风险认知教育模式,提升健身跑者的跑步风险认知水平,同时建立基于体医融合的跑步风险监测与应对体系,为健身跑者科学地坚持跑步提供保障。