开放存取作品版权问题的经济学研究

文章阐述了开放存取版权问题的研究现状,然后根据经济学的效益最大化理论、帕累托最优原理分析开放存取的效益、效率问题,进而从公共物品的外部性出发分析开放存取版权问题的原因,并根据解决外部性问题的经济政策提出开放存取版权管理的根本措施。     

The uniqueness debate in computer ethics: What exactly is at issue, and why does it matter?

The purpose of this essay is to determinewhat exactly is meant by the claimcomputer ethics is unique, a position thatwill henceforth be referred to as the CEIUthesis. A brief sketch of the CEIU debate is provided,and an empirical case involving a recentincident of cyberstalking is briefly consideredin order to illustrate some controversialpoints of contention in that debate. To gain aclearer understanding of what exactly isasserted in the various claims about theuniqueness of computer ethics, and to avoidmany of the confusions currently associatedwith the term ``unique', a precise definition ofthat term is proposed. We then differentiatetwo distinct and radically differentinterpretations of the CEIU thesis, based onarguments that can be found in the relevantcomputer ethics literature. The twointerpretations are critically analyzed andboth are shown to be inadequate in establishingthe CEIU thesis. We then examine and reject twoassumptions implicit in arguments advanced bothby CEIU advocates and their opponents. Inexposing and rejecting these assumptions, wesee why it is not necessary to accept theconclusions reached by either side in thisdebate. Finally, we defend the view thatcomputer ethics issues are both philosophicallyinteresting and deserving of our attention,regardless of whether those issues might alsohappen to be unique ethical issues.     

Spectral efficiency of a single-cell multi-carrier DS-CDMA system in Rayleigh fading

The spectral efficiency of a multi-carrier direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (MC/DS-CDMA) system operating in a Rayleigh fading environment is investigated and evaluated in terms of the theoretically achievable channel capacity (in the Shannon sense) per user, estimated in an average sense. This short paper covers operation of the considered system over broadcast communication randomly time-varying channels as applicable to wireless radio networks and single-cell indoor mobile systems and leads to the derivation of a closed-form expression for the achieved spectral efficiency. Furthermore, the relation between the number of the employed sub-carriers and the achieved spectral efficiency is revealed.     

多样性选择下的大学生思想政治状况研究——大学生关注的热点问题调查报告

随着社会的发展和形势的变化,大学生关注的热点问题呈现出多样性和多变性。调查研究是了解和把握大学生思想动态、增强其思想政治教育针对性和实效性的有效途径。通过对大学生关注的教育领域内的教育质量、教育成本、创业就业等问题的调查分析,了解大学生关注的热点问题,进而把握其思想动态,为进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育提供参考和依据。     

Social inequalities in access to higher education in Croatia: five decades of resilient findings

This article provides a panoramic view of research findings on social inequalities in access to higher education in Croatia since the 1960s, guided by the question of what has changed in the findings. Our review shows that there is stark continuity over the last five decades: students from better educated family backgrounds tend to be overrepresented in higher education; students from better educated and white-collar family backgrounds are more likely to enrol in academic as opposed to professional study courses; students at one Croatian university in particular stand out in terms of their more privileged social background; and medicine seems to be the prime academic field for observing social reproduction. We note that these persistent findings run parallel to a dramatically changing political, economic and social context in Croatia, including transformations in the 1990s resulting from social ownership of the means of production to widespread private ownership, as well as transformations from a one-party political system to the establishment of a multi-party political system. The article maps possible theoretical explanations for the resilience of social inequalities in access to higher education in the context of dynamic times. It also questions the role of educational policies in this process.     

政府在劳动争议处理中的功能探讨

目前,我国劳动争议数量呈快速上升趋势,现有的劳动争议解决机制亟待完善。因此,借鉴国外有益经验,探讨政府在劳动争议处理中应有的功能,充分发挥政府作用以促进劳动关系的和谐发展,是构建和谐社会的题中之义。     

The college student grant study: The effectiveness of student grant and scholarship programs in promoting equal educational opportunity

During the last few years there has been an increased emphasis on the use of student scholarships and grants to promote postsecondary access and choice. This study of scholarship and grant programs in California, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania examines the extent to which this goal is being achieved. Highlights of the findings are that these state aid programs (1) induce a substantial number of students from low-income families to attend college, although they fail to have much impact on the very lowest income students; (2) are particularly helpful to women; and (3) overall, are responsible for the postsecondary attendance of nearly one half of the aid recipients.     

教学设计与技术的趋势和问题——访教学设计领域国际知名学者罗伯特·瑞泽教授

[编者按]佛罗里达州立大学教学系统专业(The Instructional System program at Florida State University)1968年由罗伯特·摩根(Robert M. Morgan)博士创建,归属教育学院教育心理与学习系统系(Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems).     

全心全意为人民服务认真实践"三个代表"

在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的新征途中 ,如何充分尊重民心民意 ,凝聚民智民力 ,关心民生民利 ,也就成为摆在每一个共产党人面前的一项历史使命。本文试图以人民群众在弘扬先进文化和开拓先进生产力方面的突出作用 ,说明全心全意为人民服务 ,是实践三个代表的基本要求     

Contributing Factors to Earning Tenure Among Black Male Counselor Educators

The authors used a phenomenological research design and a critical race theory lens to examine interviews with 8 Black male counselor educators and learn what contributed to their earning tenure. Participants described requisite personal dispositions and institutional support as contributing factors. Recommendations include facilitating programmatic sociocultural awareness, assessing faculty experiences, and coordinating mentoring opportunities.