太极推手与柔道劲力技法与思想的渊源

通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法对柔道、太极推手的相关资料文献进行收集、整理、归纳、总结,结果发现柔道与太极推手有着"同源不同流"的渊源。本文从劲力与技法、思想、"对手的文化"角度论述了二者的异同。     

第31届奥运会游泳项目奖牌分布与实力对比分析

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析法等,对第31届奥运会游泳比赛奖牌分布特征及实力进行对比分析,结果表明:美国在体能主导类速度性项群、耐力性项群实力雄厚,其他国家难以超越;中国在技能主导类项群中保持较高的竞技实力,其他项目竞技实力存在一定差距;澳大利亚、日本、匈牙利、英国、俄罗斯、意大利奖牌呈现多项目化,在不同项目上各自具有一定的夺金、夺奖实力,整体竞技实力也不容小觑。     

东京奥运会男子体操竞技实力分析及备战巴黎奥运会周期中国体操发展策略

采用文献资料法、录像观察法和数理统计法对东京奥运会男子体操竞技实力进行分析,探讨中国体操男队在东京奥运会中存在的主要问题,并结合体操新规提出我国男子体操备战巴黎奥运周期的发展路径。结论：（1）团体实力上,中日俄各有千秋,实力不分伯仲,三国争雄局面形成;单项实力呈现群雄纷争新态势。（2）中国体操男队存在的主要问题为未深入把握规则精神、成套编排未能契合世界潮流,排兵布阵和选拔机制缺乏科学性,短板项目裹足不前,伤病问题依然严峻。建议：精准理解规则精神,把握潮流编排模式;统筹好难度与质量的协同发展;打造一流全能选手,提高优秀选手层厚度;强化优势,恶补短板;"科医"助力训练,提高训练效益。     

田径、举重运动员下肢反应力量能力探析

采用国际上通用的反应力量测试手段和方法，对191名田径、举重运动员和普通人进行了实验测试，通过对测试结果的统计分析，发现：（1）田径、举重运动员下肢反应力量测试结果未能表现出运动项目和竞技水平间的显著性差异；（2）跳深实验中，适宜的下落高度随着性别、运动项目、竞技水平等条件的不同，差异较大，因此，判定适宜的下落高度时，最好具体分析，因人而异；（3）起跳时间对于判定适宜的下落高度也有一定影响，准确的适宜下落高度的判定，对于反应力量的训练具有重要意义。     

对铁饼运动员力量素质训练方法的研究

力量素质是影响投掷运动员投掷能力的决定性因素之一,它是投掷运动中的重要素质,是掌握技术和创造优异成绩的基础。铁饼是一项力量速度性项目,力量的大小直接影响投掷的成绩,因此力量训练在铁饼运动员的身体素质训练中占有重要地位。铁饼运动员的力量训练早已被广大的教练员和运动员所重视,而且力争在训练中采用有效的手段和方法,努力发展运动员的力量素质。力量训练大体可分为两类,一类称为一般力量训练或最大力量训练,采用的手段多数是抓举、卧推、半蹲、高翻等,作为发展基础力量的主要手段,经过系统有效的练习,可以增强运动员的躯干与四肢的肌肉力量。另一类称为专项力量训练,是指与专项技术动作有直接关系近似于专项技术动作的力量练习。掷铁饼是以力量为基础、速度为核心的速度力量性项目．铁饼运动员速度力量的发展水平与投掷成绩密切相关。快速力量主要表现形式就是爆发力,在速度力量性项目中,爆发力的好坏直接决定着运动成绩的优劣,在发展最大力量的基础上积极发展爆发力,从而提高快速力量。这样既能促进最大力量水平的提高,又能使快速力量训练效果倍增。正确认识力量训练的内涵和分类,对力量训练手段的选择和科学的进行力量训练以及保证训练进行有着重要的意义。     

黑龙江省冰雪旅游竞争力分析

我国冰雪旅游起步晚,但已显露出广阔的发展前景,随着国内冰雪旅游目的地的大量兴起,竞争愈演愈烈。黑龙江省作为我国最早开展冰雪旅游的省份,一支独秀的局面已被打破,通过与吉林省、辽宁省的横向对比,分析了黑龙江省冰雪旅游的竞争力,并提出相应对策,以期为黑龙江省冰雪旅游业的发展提供参考。     

肌肉力量连续统一体理论及其在力量训练中的应用研究

通过对肌肉力量中主动张力和被动张力的关系所作的深入探讨,认为肌肉在不同收缩形式和收缩速度下,肌力的组成以及各组成成分之间既相互区别又相互联系,形成一个连续统一体。这为力量训练理论与实践研究开辟了新的思路。     

Test–retest reliability of a battery of field-based health-related fitness measures for adolescents

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of existing tests of health-related fitness. Participants (mean age 14.8 years, s = 0.4) were 42 boys and 26 girls who completed the study assessments on two occasions separated by one week. The following tests were conducted: bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to calculate percent body fat, leg dynamometer, 90° push-up, 7-stage sit-up, and wall squat tests. Intra-class correlation (ICC), paired samples t-tests, and typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation were calculated. The mean percent body fat intra-class correlation coefficient was similar for boys (ICC = 0.95) and girls (ICC = 0.93), but the mean coefficient of variation was considerably higher for boys than girls (22.2% vs. 12.2%). The boys' coefficients of variation for the tests of muscular fitness ranged from 9.0% for the leg dynamometer test to 26.5% for the timed wall squat test. The girls' coefficients of variation ranged from 17.1% for the sit-up test to 21.4% for the push-up test. Although the BIA machine produced reliable estimates of percent body fat, the tests of muscular fitness resulted in high systematic error, suggesting that these measures may require an extensive familiarization phase before the results can be considered reliable.     

Alterations in Strength and Maximal Oxygen Uptake Consequent to Nautilus Circuit Weight Training

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a Nautilus circuit weight training program on muscular strength and maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O ₂ max) by comparing these effects to those produced by adhering to either a free weight (FW) strength training program or a running (R) program. Male college students who voluntarily enrolled in either a FW training class (n = 11), a Nautilus (N) circuit weight training class (n= 12), or a R conditioning class (n= 13) were subjects for this investigation. All groups participated in their respective programs 3 days per week for 10 weeks. Strength was assessed using a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer set at an angular velocity of 60° · s ^?1 and a damping of 2. The FW group served as the control group for the assessment of [Vdot]O ₂ max changes, while the R group served as controls for the assessment of strength differences. ANCOVA revealed that the N and R groups experienced significant (p < .01) increases in [Vdot]O ₂ max expressed in L · min ^?1 (10.9 and 11.4%), ml · kg ^?1 · min ^?1 (10.8 and 11.7%), and ml · kgLBW ^?1 · min ^?1 (7.1 and 7.5%) when compared to the FW group. There were no significant differences between the N and R groups. There were no significant differences among groups in final peak torque values (after covariance), and torque at the beginning and end of the range of motion for the knee extensors, knee flexors, elbow extensors, and elbow flexors. In general, isokinetic strength values elicited by the N group compared favorably to those generated by the FW group. It was concluded that for a training period of short duration, Nautilus circuit weight training appears to be an equally effective alternative to standard free weight (strength) and aerobic (endurance) training programs for untrained individuals.     

运动员核心力量训练的本质

对核心力量训练在备战2008-2012年奥运会、亚运会和全运会实践研究后发现：1)运动员核心力量训练主要由核心稳定性训练、关节养护性训练及核心专门性训练组成;2)核心稳定性是指核心肌群在神经肌肉系统、骨骼韧带系统以及呼吸调节系统的协同作用下,稳定身体姿势和重心、产生和传递上下肢力量的能力;3)关节养护性训练是指针对易伤部位和薄弱环节所进行以伤病防护为主的体能训练理念和方法;4)核心稳定性与关节养护性训练是进行核心专门性力量训练的前提和基础;5)核心专门性力量训练是核心力量训练的本质和关键,是指根据专项动作模式的特殊需求以及运动员体能特点来进行的具有专项针对性核心力量训练,也即运动员的动态稳定性和强大的腰髋收缩力量。