Classroom action research on formative assessment in a context-based chemistry course

Context-based science courses stimulate students to reconstruct the information presented by connecting to their prior knowledge and experiences. However, students need support. Formative assessments inform both teacher and students about students’ knowledge deficiencies and misconceptions and how students can be supported. Research on formative assessments suggests a positive impact on students’ science achievement, although its success depends on how the formative assessment is implemented in class. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the effects of formative assessments on achievement during a context-based chemistry course on lactic acid. In a classroom action research setting, a pre-test/post-test control group design with switching replications was applied. Student achievement was measured in two pre-tests, two post-tests and a retention test. Participants were Grade 9 students from one secondary school in the Netherlands. Repeated-measures analysis showed a significant effect of formative assessments on students’ achievement. During the implementation of the formative assessments, intriguing discussions emerged between students, between students and teacher, and between teachers. Adding formative assessments to context-based approaches reinforces their strength to meet with the current challenges of chemistry education. Formative assessments affect students’ achievement positively and stimulate feedback between students and teacher(s).     

从费尔巴哈、赫斯到马克思:实践唯物主义的生成图谱

本文从费尔巴哈直观唯物主义和赫斯行动哲学对青年马克思哲学思想的思维性引领,意欲展示青年马克思实践唯物主义哲学思想的曲线性生成图谱及其内在的逻辑指认。     

论自由基反应及其影响因素

上世纪初发现自由基反应,其特点有三引发、传递和终止;分为单分子和双分子反应.共振杂化体越多的自由基越稳定,对自由基稳定有利的空间构型其反应易进行,溶剂化作用、氢键的形成、过渡态活化能等对自由基反应都有影响.     

Increasing the uptake of peer feedback in primary school writing: findings from an action research enquiry

This article reports on how an action research strategy was used to increase children's uptake of feedback during peer assessment in primary school writing. Several different strategies were used in the study that had been successful in increasing students’ uptake of peer feedback in contexts such as higher education. In order to evaluate how successful these actions were, several different data collection methods were drawn upon to triangulate findings including children's work, observations, informal interviews and mind mapping. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data generated. Findings are consistent with those from research in other settings which suggest that pupils make better use of feedback if: it is task-involving and useful; there is sufficient time given for them to act on it and discuss it with their peers; and they are asked to reflect on how it has been used to improve the quality of the assessed work.     

The P,A and R of participatory action research with unaccompanied girls

This article discusses the possibilities and the challenges of conducting participatory action research (PAR) with unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and youth. Drawing from a PAR project with 12 unaccompanied asylum-seeking girls in a Finnish reception centre, the paper explores the P, A and R of PAR asking the following questions: what kind of participation is relevant in such a challenging phase of life, being in a new society without families; what is ‘good’ action in these circumstances; and, finally, what is the involvement of the children in conducting the research when they find the practical end product clearly more interesting? The results show that as a flexible and child-centred research method, PAR can be used to promote the participation of children and youth in a reception centre. However, participation in research should not be mandatory: unaccompanied children who have often had too many responsibilities and inadequate protection in the past desire to be assured that it is the adults’ responsibility to make the right decisions concerning the improvements of the children’s lives.     

论詹姆士的重效果思想与中国传统的重名思想

姆士提出,实用主义方法是一种确定方向的态度,它不是看最先的原则、范畴,而是看最后的效果和事实。这种重效果思想对于冲击中国传统的重名轻效果的思维方式对人们的束缚具有重要意义。儒家的重名轻效果、重义轻利的思想导致了中国社会停滞落后。这种思维方式也是我们党犯“左”的错误的重要思想根源之一。实事求是的实质是突破这种僵化的思维方式,重视实践效果,坚持在实践中检验和发展真理。     

大鼠左心室流出道电生理特性的观察

目的为了观察大鼠左心室流出道组织是否具有自动节律性.方法利用细胞内微电极记录技术,观察了18例大鼠左心室流出道组织的电生理特征.结果16例(88.89%)出现了自律性电活动,并且可在局部组织记录到典型的慢反应动作电位.结论大鼠左心室流出道组织具有自律性.其生理功能有待进一步研究.     

Research-based teacher education? Exploring the meaning potentials of Swedish teacher education

In this article, we explore the meaning potentials of teacher education in terms of the significance of a research-based approach and the different pedagogic identities that such an approach implies. The study’s aim is to examine the important factors for education to be considered research-based and to identify and analyse the research base of teacher education in Sweden. The results from the analysis of a large number of course documents and from a survey administered to teachers and students in four teacher education programmes indicate that the emerging potential meaning is that teacher education is generally a strongly framed professional education with a relatively weak and adapted research base. The analysis of the classification and framing of disciplinary content and pedagogy in the Swedish teacher education curriculum points at different pedagogic identities emerging from the different meaning potentials that are made available to the students. We argue that a thorough understanding of research-based teacher education needs to be grounded in both course content and its research base as well as other possible pedagogical aspects of research-based education; the education as a whole must be included in the concept of research-based education.     

The Impact of an SES-Based Model on a College's Undergraduate Admissions Outcomes

In Grutter vs. Bollinger, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of race as one factor, among many in admissions decisions is constitutional. It is not known, however, whether future legal opinions will continue to uphold the use of affirmative action policies. Some have argued that class-based preferences can achieve many of the same goals as in affirmative action while being more likely to withstand legal challenges. To date, no empirical studies have been conducted on the potential impact of a class-based admissions policy if implemented at an undergraduate institution. This paper reports on a study at a selective public college and compares a number of outcomes under three admissions models: the original admissions decisions, a purely academic model, and an socio-economic status (SES)-based model. The findings showed that use of the SES-based model would have led to a more academically qualified class than in the original admitted class while maintaining substantially greater student diversity that was found under the academic model. An admissions policy based on preferences for socio-economically disadvantaged applicants appears to hold promise for other colleges and universities with similar institutional and applicant characteristics. The ideas and research design reported in this paper are based on the doctoral dissertation study of the second author, Undergraduate Admissions Models Incorporating Socioeconomic Factors (Johnson, 2000).     

实践理性和道德的合理性--当代西方哲学道德合理性理论评析

怎样证明道德行为的合理性一直是西方伦理学研究的主题之一。本从实践理性和实践理性的根据即价值着手，根据与行动相关的价值和中立于行动的价值之同的区别，内在主义和外在主义之同的区别，将西方关于实践理性的理论即论证道德合理性的理论分为四类：与行动相关的外在主义理论，与行动相关的内在主义理论，中立于行动的内在主义理论，以及中立于行动的外在主义理论。并对这些理论的内容及其优劣一一进行了述评。