量热和热分析在生物大分子体系研究中的应用

讨论了差示扫描量热法(DSC)和等温滴定量热法(ITC)用于生物大分子体系研究所得到的一些实验结果。内容包括了沙冬青抗冻蛋白热滞活性的测定、胶束解体浓度的确定二个方面内容。所有研究结果都给出了有关生物大分子变化的明确信息和确切结论。     

Validity of SenseWear® Armband v5.2 and v2.2 for estimating energy expenditure

We compared SenseWear Armband versions (v) 2.2 and 5.2 for estimating energy expenditure in healthy adults. Thirty-four adults (26 women), 30.1 ± 8.7 years old, performed two trials that included light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities: (1) structured routine: seven activities performed for 8-min each, with 4-min of rest between activities; (2) semi-structured routine: 12 activities performed for 5-min each, with no rest between activities. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and predicted using SenseWear v2.2 and v5.2. Compared to indirect calorimetry (297.8 ± 54.2 kcal), the total energy expenditure was overestimated (P < 0.05) by both SenseWear v2.2 (355.6 ± 64.3 kcal) and v5.2 (342.6 ± 63.8 kcal) during the structured routine. During the semi-structured routine, the total energy expenditure for SenseWear v5.2 (275.2 ± 63.0 kcal) was not different than indirect calorimetry (262.8 ± 52.9 kcal), and both were lower (P < 0.05) than v2.2 (312.2 ± 74.5 kcal). The average mean absolute per cent error was lower for the SenseWear v5.2 than for v2.2 (P < 0.001). SenseWear v5.2 improved energy expenditure estimation for some activities (sweeping, loading/unloading boxes, walking), but produced larger errors for others (cycling, rowing). Although both algorithms overestimated energy expenditure as well as time spent in moderate-intensity physical activity (P < 0.05), v5.2 offered better estimates than v2.2.     

自蔓延合成反应体系绝热温度的计算机数值计算与验证

根据自蔓延合成反应绝热温度计算的热力学基本原理,采用无限逼近法及线性内插法数值计算方法,通过TurboC2计算机编程,实现对不同体系绝热温度的计算机数值计算,并验证了不同资料获得物质热力学数据的相似性,对绝热温度的数值计算结果进行了验证,结果表明该计算方法具有较高的可靠性。     

关于定义态函数熵的三种方法

在多种层次上可以应用各种方法定义熵 ,类比法、以经验温标对单相均匀系应用乘子法、喀喇氏公理法等三种定义熵的方法各有特点     

Optimization analysis of high temperature heat pump coupling to desiccant wheel air conditioning system

The high temperature heat pump and desiccant wheel(HTHPDW) system can make full use of heat released from the condenser of heat pump for DW regeneration without additional heat. In this study, DW operation in the HTHPDW system was investigated experimentally, and the optimization analysis of HTHPDW system was carried out. The performance of DW had influence on the dehumidification(evaluated by dehumidification and regeneration effectiveness) and cooling load(evaluated by thermal and adiabatic effectiveness). The results show that the enthalpy increase occurred in all the experiments. Compared to the isosteric heat, heat accumulation in the desiccant and matrix material and heat leakage from regeneration side to process side have greater influence on the adiabatic effectiveness. Higher regeneration temperature leads to lower adiabatic effectiveness that increases more cooling load of the system. When the regeneration temperature is 63℃, the maximal dehumidification effectiveness is 35.4% and the satisfied adiabatic effectiveness is 88%, which contributes to the optimal balance between dehumidification and cooling.     

关于理想气体绝热过程的讨论

借助P-V对理想气体绝热过程进行了讨论,得出绝热不可逆过程、绝热可逆过程及等温可逆过程从同一始态出发到达相同的终态压力或者终态体积在P-V图上的相对位置,并导出绝热可逆过程功的公式也适用于绝热不可逆过程功的计算。     

气压公式及其温度修正

推导和分析了量度地球大气压强的近似公式，并用不同物理模型对其温度进行了修正。     

Numerical Modelling of Performance of R22 and R290 in Adiabatic Capillary Tubes Considering Metastable Two-Phase Region--Theoretical Model Description and Validation

A homogeneous theoretical model is developed to predict the performance of R22 and R290 in adiabatic capillary tubes. The model is based on conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy. Metastable both liquid and two-phase flow regions are considered in the model. In metastable two-phase region, superheated liquid is introduced into the metastable mixture viscosity and two methods are presented to evaluate it. The model is validated by comparing the predicted pressure and temperature profile and mass flow rate with several investigators′ experimental data of R22 and one of its alternatives R290 reported in literature. All of the predicted mass flow rates are within ±8% of measured values. Comparisons are also made between the present model and other investigators′ models or sizing correlation. The model can be used for design or simulation calculation of adiabatic capillary tubes.     

非чeTaeB型非完整系统的精确不变量与绝热不变量

建立非чeTaeB型非完整系统的运动微分方程，基于对称性与不变量理论研究该系统的精确不变量与绝热不变量问题，提出了高阶绝热不变量概念，证明了精确不变量与绝热不变量存在的条件及形式，并举例说明 结果的应用。     

变截面水平管中流体绝热稳定流动讨论

利用闭系能量方程，推出了变裁面水平管中流体绝稳定流动的胡量方程。并在此基础上，讨论了流动可逆性及不同流体性质对流动参数的影响。该方法物理概念清晰，尤其适用于流动问题的讨论。