Educational Inequity from the Perspectives of Those Who Live It: Urban Middle School Students’ Perspectives on the Quality of their Education

In interviews with over 250 urban young adolescents, many students make it clear that they are acutely aware of the educational inequities that exist in their schools and that these inequities are having a negative impact on their education. Student voice is used to highlight urban middle school students’ perspectives on the quality of their education particularly in terms of curricular issues, teacher quality, and lack of resources.

Hope into action: How clusters of hope relate to success‐oriented behavior in school

Several studies have found that higher hope is associated with higher academic achievement. Although scholars have asserted that this association is the result of higher hope leading to an increased likelihood that students will engage success‐oriented behaviors (e.g., participating in class, completing homework assignments), very little empirical research has been done to test this assertion. In this study, cluster analyses yielded three clusters of hope (high, average, and low) in a high school sample (N = 447) and a college sample (N = 375). Differences among hope clusters were examined across three domains of indicators—engagement, disengagement, and motivational variables—associated with success‐oriented behavior in school. Results from both samples indicated that students with higher levels of hope reported higher engagement, higher motivation, and lower disengagement, with medium to large effect sizes. These results have implications for both hope research and scaling psychosocial interventions.     

Exploring Views about LARCs Among Parenting Rural Latinx Teenagers,Their Mothers,and Providers: Implications for Sexuality Education and Care

While long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) reduces risk of repeat-births, use remains low among rural Latinx adolescent mothers. This qualitative study identified perspectives about factors that influence LARC use among this population. Participants were dyads of parenting Latinx adolescent daughters and their mothers (n?=?9 dyads) and nurses (n?=?17). Findings revealed themes specific to this vulnerable population including (a) distinct ways LARC characteristics fit into parenting teenagers’ lives, (b) supportive health care climate toward LARCs, and (c) factors that inhibit LARC uptake. The study has implications for sexuality education that seeks to reduce repeat-births among this population.     

留守青少年自立人格特征研究

通过对留守儿童大省的416名农村青少年学生进行问卷调查并对典型个案进行访谈,探讨了留守青少年自立人格的现状,分析了留守状况对青少年自立人格的影响。认为留守青少年较易形成不良的自立人格,同时留守青少年内部存在较大的个体差异;父母外出时儿童年龄、父母外出年限、父母双方谁外出、看望间隔和打工态度等五个留守因素相互影响,共同影响留守青少年的自立人格的形成,可以解释29%~49%自立人格变异。     

Culture as an influence on sexting attitudes and behaviors: A differential analysis comparing adolescents from Spain and Colombia

This study analyses the prevalence of sexting and the reasons and attitudes associated with its practice in adolescents with different cultural backgrounds (Colombia and Spain). The sample is made up of 489 Spaniards and 510 Colombians aged between 13 and 18 years. The results show that sexting is strongly influenced by gender and the country, in favor of men and Colombians respectively. The interaction between gender and country establishes that in Spain women and men practice sexting equally, while in Colombia men practice much more sexting than women. Although the practice of sexting increases progressively with age, the levels are higher among Colombian adolescents, especially after 15 years. According to the results, although both groups present a high risk for sexting, socio-cultural aspects and gender constitute differential variables to be taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to design preventive strategies including cultural differences in relation to the sexuality.     

有氧运动对我国肥胖少年儿童的干预效果研究--基于元分析方法

研究目的：运用元分析法( Meta-analysis)检验有氧运动对我国肥胖少年儿童的干预效果。研究方法：检索20052010年23篇相关文献进行元分析,对23篇文献质量进行评估后,采用随机效应模型对研究的效应值和异质性进行检验。研究结果：23篇文献GRADE风险评估结果为A级12篇、B级9篇、C级2篇,文献存在系统误差的可能性很低。元分析结果中效应值为2．59,95%CI(2．14,3．05),说明有氧运动干预对于我国少年儿童的肥胖具有很好的干预效果。异质性检验指标Q值为21．13(P=0．51),I2=0%,研究间不存在异质性和发表偏倚。研究结论：有氧运动是我国肥胖少年儿童进行减肥的有效手段,对少年儿童的肥胖干预效果十分明显。持续3个月以上,每周36次,每次4090分钟的中等强度有氧运动对于我国少年儿童减肥效果最佳。     

论青少年体质健康促进中教师的责任

通过对青少年体质健康状况的分析,认为在现实条件下,提高青少年学生体质健康水平的关键在于全体教师的重视。为了落实青少年体质健康促进中教师的责任,需要对在职教师通过岗位培训、未来教师通过专业教育、在读大学生通过课程影响,不断提高全体教师关注青少年体质健康的意识。     

广西河池地区7—18岁瑶族儿童少年机能素质发育水平5年动态比较

通过对2000年至2005年广西壮族自治区河池地区7—18岁瑶族儿童少年生理机能、身体素质发育状况的两次调查发现：5年间,7—18岁瑶族儿少的心肺功能有一定的提高,而在身体素质方面,城市男女学生情况较乐观,而乡村男女身体素质降多提少,尤其乡村女生情况令人担忧。提示当地政府、学校要加强农村学生,尤其是农村女学生的体质健康教育,大力发展少数民族地区经济、加大宣传力度、采取灵活措施让学生养成体育锻炼的习惯。     

Using the self-determination theory to understand Chinese adolescent leisure-time physical activity

Purposes: This study applies the self-determination theory (SDT) to test the hypothesized relationships among perceived autonomy support from parents, physical education (PE) teachers, and peers, the fulfilment of psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), autonomous motivation, and leisure-time physical activity of Chinese adolescents. Method: There are 255 grade six to eight student participants from four middle schools around Shanghai, China included in this study. An accelerometer was used to measure the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The participants completed the questionnaires regarding SDT variables. The structural equation modelling was applied to examine the hypothesized relationships among the study variables. Results: The model of hypothesized relationships demonstrated a good fit with the data [X²?=?20.84, df?=?9, P?=?.01; CFI?=?0.98; IFI?=?0.98; SRMR?=?0.04; RMSEA?=?0.05]. The findings revealed that autonomy support from parents, PE teachers, and peers foster social conditions in which the three basic psychological needs can be met. In turn, autonomy, competence, and relatedness are positively associated with autonomous motivation for MVPA. The autonomous motivation positively relates to the MVPA time of adolescents. The three psychological needs partially mediate the influence of autonomy support from parents (β?=?0.18, P?<?.01; Bootstrap 95% CI?=?0.06–0.33) and teachers (β?=?0.17, P?<?.01; Bootstrap 95% CI?=?0.03–0.26) in the autonomous motivation. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings support the applicability of SDT in understanding and promoting physical activity of Chinese adolescents.     

A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study

The overall purpose of this study was to create a model of positive youth development (PYD) through sport grounded in the extant qualitative literature. More specifically, the first objective was to review and evaluate qualitative studies of PYD in sport. The second objective was to analyze and synthesize findings from these studies. Following record identification and screening, 63 articles were retained for analysis. Meta-method analysis revealed strengths of studies were the use of multiple data collection and validity techniques, which produced high-quality data. Weaknesses were limited use of ‘named’ methodologies and inadequate reporting of sampling procedures. Philosophical perspectives were rarely reported, and theory was used sparingly. Results of an inductive meta-data analysis produced three categories: PYD climate (adult relationships, peer relationships, and parental involvement), life skills program focus (life skill building activities and transfer activities), and PYD outcomes (in personal, social, and physical domains). A model that distinguishes between implicit and explicit processes to PYD is presented.