Para-adventure: a hyper-dynamic problem for the inclusive coach

Recent research has recognized sports coaching as complex, chaotic and cognitively taxing for coaches. Against this backdrop, the present paper explores challenges faced by high-level coaches working with disabled performers. Specifically, it seeks to understand how coaches create mental models of performance in adventure sports and para-canoe. Five coaches were purposively sampled and underwent a semi-structured interview. A thematic analysis revealed conceptualizing the mental model as being mechanically related for all and as including a social construction within the para-canoe coaches. Reflection on the coaching process and on personal characteristics were perceived as important to individualized inclusive coaching. Coach training should particularly emphasize the need for critical judgement and decision-making skills within a similarly oriented social structure of coaches and support staff where applicable.     

青春的单翅鸟——海子诗歌的主题意象解读

海子诗歌的主题意象可以概括为“青春远行” ,从中又延展和生发出村庄、麦子、天空、远方等意象。“青春远行”在本质上是一种“浪子”式远行和美学历险 ,其目标不是指向“家” ,而是指向遥远的“天边外” ;其结局是悲剧性地“死于中途     

我国户外探险旅游意外伤害事故的规避及法律问题研究

户外探险旅游作为一种体验式的新兴的旅游方式在中国迅猛发展的同时,法制体系、救援机制、行业规范、安全保障、责任归咎等诸多因素不健全导致意外伤害事故和纠纷的产生.通过分析、探讨我国户外探险旅游的现状发展,着重对户外运动的风险规避及法律责任这一法理问题进行探讨,理清发展中存在的问题及不足,对涉及到户外探险旅游的法律理论和现有法律条文进行梳理和归纳,并归纳了美国户外探险旅游意外伤害事故基本状况及有关法律问题,旨在借鉴其有益之处,以期能为户外探险旅游全方面、多样化的发展提供一些可行性对策,从而为推动我国户外运动健康有序的发展提出建设性的意见.     

幼儿园冒险性游戏:理论意蕴、现实困境及实施路径

“自然缺陷症儿童”“电子儿童”“塑料儿童”是当代儿童的真实写照,社会对儿童过度保护以及儿童对冒险性游戏需求处于一种相对矛盾状态,从而导致幼儿园在对待户外冒险性游戏态度上陷入“儿童想但教师又不敢放手”的境地。针对上述问题,从“过去、当下、未来”三维时空解析冒险性游戏价值;基于进化论、可供性理论和弹性发展区理论探讨成人和儿童对待冒险性游戏不同态度背后的深层原因,针对性地提出重构冒险性游戏认知,提供可供性的冒险性游戏环境,引导儿童评估风险和享受冒险性游戏,构建“五位一体”冒险性游戏生态链等建议,为有效开展冒险性游戏提供理论支撑及操作性指南。     

组合逻辑电路中竞争冒险的仿真分析

竞争冒险可影响电路功能甚至破坏整个电路正常运转,因此,在组合逻辑电路的设计中,判断电路是否存在冒险显得尤为重要.利用仿真软件进行功能分析,并验证其判断方法的正确性.     

Time for Experience: Growing up under the experience economy

Abstract

Experience is one of the major paths to growth and autonomy, and as such, of outstanding educational value. But it also has a much wider sociocultural context, rooted in life itself. It is about learning that which cannot be taught, learning to think, which precedes all other-defined forms of education. It is an encounter with the unknown, where we learn to cope with uncertainty. Though, in the same way that growth does, experience takes time. This article discusses the contemporary changes in the perception of time and experience, through the fundamental but seldom formulated question—Do we still have time for experience? Our argument is that while contemporary society is craving for experiences, it is not disposed to give them the time it takes for its process to unfold. This will be illustrated through the example of the contemporary conception of ‘adventure’, a most typical form of experience, in two contexts. One is that of experience consumption in adventure tourism, the other is that of adventure education. Notwithstanding the differences in motives and aims, both are reducing experience to a predictable, other-defined, and eventually assessable programme, made to fit a schedule. Experience is no longer something that happens to us, it is becoming something that we make happen and (try to) control. This results in flushing the unknown away, along with the formative potential of experience. This article will develop insights into what it is about to become in order to address the problem of the educational future(s) of experience.     

拓展训练在高中体育教学中的必要性和可行性分析

拓展练是一种完全以学生为中心，以学生的“学”为主的创新教育的教学模式。对心理拓展训练在高中体育教学中的必要性和可行性进行初步的分析。     

Editorial

This study examined the benefits of all-girls adventure programmes from the perspective of adolescent girls. Participants included 361 girls aged 10–17 years from diverse ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds who completed a variety of adventure programmes. Adventure activities included rock climbing, sea kayaking, mountaineering, backpacking, canyoneering and mountain biking. The programme philosophies of each organization are rooted in a strength-based approach for programme planning and implementation which focus on supporting positive physical, social and emotional growth of girls. Using an open-ended survey and qualitative methods of coding, three themes emerged illustrating the benefits of these all-girls programmes from the girls' point of view: feelings of safety and comfort, increased connection to others, and freedom from stereotypes. The girls also considered how their experience may have differed if the setting had been co-educational (co-ed).     

A new pedagogical model for adventure in the curriculum: part two – outlining the model

Background: This paper is part two of a discussion about a new pedagogical model for adventure in the curriculum. It builds upon part one, the advocacy paper, which considered important theoretical foundations, historical influences and research outcomes of outdoor adventure education (OAE) in the UK.

Purpose: This paper outlines how a model for OAE might be implemented in practice in schools in the UK. Four non-negotiable features of a pedagogical model for OAE are identified as essential for pupils to gain maximum benefit from their outdoor adventure experiences. Consideration is also given to other essential features of models-based approaches to physical education that teachers need to consider to underpin the model's authenticity, including pupils’ readiness for learning, teacher expertise and knowledge, and assessment and future model validation.

Conclusions: Four non-negotiable features of a model for OAE are identified as being mainly outdoors, experiential learning, challenge by choice and managed risk. Key concerns arising from the implementation of these non-negotiable features are considered. These include encouraging pupils to take more responsibility for their own learning, developing closer links between school OAE and local opportunities, supporting teachers in making judgements about pupils managing their own risk, developing teachers’ expertise in reviewing and developing assessment tools that measure pupils’ affective learning.     

More than activities: using a ‘sense of place’ to enrich student experience in adventure sport

There has been increasing interest in recent years in the significance of a sense of place in the literature of outdoor adventure education. In the UK relationships between outdoor education and the environment still appear largely focused on the science of the natural environment and the activity in question. In this paper, we present empirical evidence from an action research project to demonstrate how a combination of formal and informal pedagogy in a higher education context can lead to a sociocultural and historical understanding of place and enrich the learning experience of students when teaching the classical outdoor adventurous activity of sailing. The sport of dinghy sailing is a module within a Bachelor's undergraduate degree in outdoor education and was taught from a small fishing town in Devon, England. We adopted an integrated and experiential critical pedagogy of place that allowed theory and practice, thought and action to be a holistic experience, and this approach provided opportunities for informal, as well as formal learning. This action research project explored the impact on the student experience when sailing skills were developed along with a sense of place. It used methods including: photo-elicitation, focus group interviews and evidence from the analysis of written student assignments. Our findings show that students discover a significance of the meaningful relationship between the sociocultural history of where that activity takes place and the activity itself and that as a result their experience of the learning and research process was enriched.