体育文化功能的社会学分析

在阐明体育文化概念和梳理体育文化发展历程的基础上,认为体育文化具有促进体育目标实现、推动民族交流与合作、提高大众审美素质、抵制社会不良行为和培育合理价值观念等社会功能,旨在为进一步深刻认识体育价值、发挥体育文化功能、推动社会和谐发展提供参考。     

Changing attitudes and intentions related to doping: An analysis of individual differences in need for cognition

ABSTRACT

Research has shown that athletes’ attitudes towards the use of banned performance-enhancing substances are reliable predictors of their intentions to use these substances, which in turn can be relevant predictors of their actual doping behaviours. Despite the important role played by attitudes and intentions in doping, research analysing how to change those attitudes and intentions is relatively scarce. The present study examined how individual differences in Need for Cognition (NC, Cacioppo & Petty, 1982) influenced doping-related attitude change and subsequent behavioural intentions. Participants were randomly assigned to read a persuasive message either against or in favour of legalising the use of several banned substances, including anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and Erythropoietin (EPO). In addition, participants completed the NC scale, and finally reported their attitudes and behavioural intentions regarding the legalisation proposal. As hypothesised, results showed that participants who received an anti-legalisation message had significantly more unfavourable attitudes towards the proposal than participants who received a pro-legalisation message, regardless of NC. However, as predicted, NC moderated the relationship between individuals’ attitudes and their intentions. That is, high-NC participants showed greater attitude-intention correspondence than low-NC participants.     

Long-Term Effects of a Conceptual Physical Education Program

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes, knowledge, and activity behaviors of college graduates who completed a lecture-laboratory (concepts) course in physical education during their undergraduate study. Serving as controls were college graduates of the same university who transferred to the university and who received credit for a traditional rather than a concepts course. Both groups were compared to college graduates who “quizzed out” of the concepts course rather than enrolling in the class. Subjects were randomly selected from the 1977 and 1979 graduating classes. All those selected as subjects received a questionnaire containing an attitude test, a knowledge lest, and an activity checklist. Fifty-nine percent of the 300 questionnaires were returned. Multivariate analyses indicated that the concepts groups possessed attitude-knowledge-activity profiles which differed from those of either of the other groups. Though differences were not uniform for the two years studied, knowledge was consistently the greatest contributor to differences between transfer and concepts groups. Univariate and combined year analyses indicated that, though less consistent than the knowledge differences, attitude and activity differences among groups also existed. In general, the results suggested that a college level conceptual physical education class can have positive long term effects.     

在美术欣赏中培养学生的审美能力

美术欣赏教学不仅有助于提高学生的艺术修养和审美能力,而且有助于发展学生的想象力和艺术创造力,有助于培养学生形成健康的审美观和高尚的情操．是实施素质教育不可缺少的重要组成部分。     

浅谈如何在美术教学中培养学生的审美能力

一直以来我国传统的美术教学思想和实践缺乏对学生自身成长要求的尊重与对教学解放功能的肯定。在学校所开设的各门课程只是让学生学习到＂我＂该知道的和＂我＂是什么样的,而遗忘了让学生更深入地去思考＂我＂应该是什么样的和＂我＂应该怎么做,使学生的美术激情、对美的求知精神受到抑制,这跟我国目前教育界急功近利的实用主义态度有关。对待美育,首先应先与＂目的＂二字彻底割裂,因为美育作为一种感性教育,有它自己独特的性质、特征、功能、规律和方法,这些都是其他各种教育形态所不能替代的。本文的目的在于探讨在当今美术教学中存在的问题以及培养学生的审美能力的途径。     

试论藏区汉语阅读教学中的审美教育

审美教育是汉语文教学中的重要组成部分,也是阅读教学中的高级阶段。但在教学过程中还没有得到足够的重视,它的作用也往往被忽视。本文从实际教学经验出发,论述了审美教育的重要性和教学现状,并针对现状提出了阅读教学中审美教育的原则和具体的方法,为藏区的汉语文教学提供一些参考。     

Physical Education Teacher Attitudes toward Fitness Tests Scale: Cross-Revalidation and Modification

This study aimed to provide further evidence of validity and reliability for the Physical Education Teacher Attitudes toward Fitness Tests Scale (PETAFTS), which consisted of affective and cognitive domains. There were two subdomains in the affective domain (i.e., enjoyment of implementing fitness tests and enjoyment of using test results) and one domain in the cognitive domain (i.e., beliefs in the usefulness of test results). Full-time physical education teachers (N?=?469) from two southwestern states in the United States participated in the study. Reliability and validity of the scale were examined. Alphas were computed for the entire 16-item scale, the affective and cognitive domains, and the two subdomains, respectively, to test the reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to investigate the construct validity. The commonly used CFA indices, such as the chi square (χ²), the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), the goodness of fit index (GFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), were used to assess the fit of the data to the model. The CFA results suggested that the data from the study did not fit the original model proposed by Keating and Silverman (2004b) Keating, X. D. and Silverman, S. 2004b. Physical education teacher attitudes toward fitness test scale: Development and validation. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 23: 143–161. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], resulting in the elimination of item 3. The fitness of the data to the model was improved and deemed acceptable. More studies on the reliability and validity of the scale are needed in the future in order to use the scale with more confidence.     

“黑色幽默”的审美心理机制新探

黑色幽默在迄今为止的各类美学体系中均没有被作为一种独立的美学范畴来加以审视,它或者不被提及,或者被认为是喜剧的一种形式,或者被认为是“丑”的一种形态,或者被认为是荒诞的一种。本文认为,黑色幽默是一种独立的审美范畴,它的审美心理机制是:由于同时产生的悲喜剧感造成审美主体的精神分裂,这种分裂激活了潜伏于审美主体无意识中的精神分裂情结而使其升华为美感。     

陌生化——文学创作的不归路

陌生化是指在文学创作中 ,创作者为了更好地表情达意的需要而采取的一种异于常规的表现手法 ,通俗地说 ,陌生化即推陈出新 ,化腐朽为神奇。形成陌生化的途径主要有语言的陌生化、主题或题材的陌生化、形象的陌生化等。陌生化有坚实的心理学依据 ,有其相对性和局限性 ,同时 ,它还具有一定的审美认识功能 ,是文学得以发展、进步的方法之一。     

解析现代儿童食品包装设计

对现代儿童食品包装设计理论及应用进行了描述与探讨.结合作者的设计作品--"每日果实"儿童糖果系列包装设计从设计制作方面讨论了现代儿童食品包装设计作品成为现实商品应用的可能性和实用价值.