我国研究型大学校级行政管理结构优化的思考——基于密西根州立大学的案例分析

针对大学内部行政管理的批评不绝于耳,批评的焦点主要集中在行政管理岗位过多、行政权力过大等,但总体而言,面上的评论多,深入分析少,尤其对大学行政管理结构的优化,还缺乏清晰的、可操作的研究.本研究试图从案例分析的角度,以美国一流公立研究型大学的内部管理体制为例,解读其校级行政管理结构的基本状况,以期为我国研究型大学内部管理中校级行政管理结构优化提供借鉴.     

Smart structures and materials

A structure is an assembly that serves an engineering function. It is reasonable to expect that all engineering design should be smart, and not dumb. But one can still make a distinction between smartly designed structures and smart structures. The latter term has acquired a specific technical meaning over the last few decades. A smart structure is that which has the ability to respond adaptively in a pre-designed useful and efficient manner to changes in environmental conditions, including any changes in its own condition; the response is adaptive in the sense that two or more stimuli or inputs may be received as anticipated and yet there is a single response function as per design. Smartness ensures that the structure gives optimum performance under a variety of environmental conditions. While structures with some degree of smartness have been designed from times immemorial, the current activity and excitement in this field derives its impetus from the level of sophistication achieved in materials science, information technology, measurement science, sensors, actuators, signal processing, nanotechnology, cybernetics, artificial intelligence, and biomimetics.     

Measurement Bias Detection Through Factor Analysis

Assessing the correctness of a structural equation model is essential to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions from empirical research. In the past, the chi-square test was recommended for assessing the correctness of the model but this test has been criticized because of its sensitivity to sample size. As a reaction, an abundance of fit indexes have been developed. The result of these developments is that structural equation modeling packages are now producing a large list of fit measures. One would think that this progression has led to a clear understanding of evaluating models with respect to model misspecifications. In this article we question the validity of approaches for model evaluation based on overall goodness-of-fit indexes. The argument against such usage is that they do not provide an adequate indication of the “size” of the model's misspecification. That is, they vary dramatically with the values of incidental parameters that are unrelated with the misspecification in the model. This is illustrated using simple but fundamental models. As an alternative method of model evaluation, we suggest using the expected parameter change in combination with the modification index (MI) and the power of the MI test.     

台湾地区乡村治理中的平权特点及其启示

中国台湾地区的乡村自治经历多次变革,形成治理成本低而收益高的平权式治理模式。它具有村级公共权力分配的合理性、乡镇权力的延伸性、村民权利的现实性等特点。这对当下中国大陆地区村民自治的改革中的公共权力分配、乡镇与村组织的衔接、法律法规的完善和民间组织的发展等具有一定启示意义。     

《搜神记》动结式述补结构研究

<搜神记>的口语色彩较浓,反映了当时生动活泼的用语状况,探讨<搜神记>中的语法现象对汉语史,尤其是中古汉语的研究有重要意义.本文首先确定了动结式述补结构的判定标准,然后对<搜神记>的动结式述补结构进行分类描写,最后指出书中的相似结构并加以区分.     

试论汉英比较句结构的共性

对事物进行比较的能力构成了人类最基本的认知能力,语言中的各种比较结构．正是人们对事物异同意识的外化形式,比较结构就是这种外化形式的基本表现形式．它是世界上所有语言共有的语法现象。通过汉英比较结构的对比。可以发现汉英比较句具有深层次的共性特征。     

语义知识和文体知识同大学英语写作能力的正相关解读

写作是全国大学英语四、六级统考很重要的组成部分,它客观地反映出考生的英语语言的综合应用能力,有助于教师了解和评价学生的英语真实水平和语言素养。文章对近一、二年大学英语四、六级作文34篇样卷（RANGE—FINDERS,6RSH2）反映出的考生在词语搭配、语义知识、句法结构和文体程式化方面存在的问题进行了量化研究,并探讨大学英语写作教学上亟待解决的一些问题。     

基于神经网络重要抽样法的结构可靠度评估

文章提出基于神经网络重要抽样法的结构可靠度评估方法,该方法通过训练神经网络,建立随机变量与结构响应之间的非线性映射关系,模拟结构极限状态方程,采用优化算法计算设计点．在重要抽样法中利用训练好的神经网络代替有限元求解器进行数值计算．结果表明,所训练的神经网络能够有效地模拟真实的结构极限状态方程,结构失效概率计算结果具有很高的精度,调用有限元分析的次数显著减少,有效地提高了计算效率．     

3D wind-induced response analysis of a cable-membrane structure

Wind loading is a dominant factor for design of a cable-membrane structure. Three orthogonal turbulent components, including the longitudinal, lateral and vertical wind velocities, should be taken into account for the wind loads. In this study, a stochastic 3D coupling wind field model is derived by the spectral representation theory. The coherence functions of the three orthogonal turbulent components are considered in this model. Then the model is applied to generate the three correlated wind turbulent components. After that, formulae are proposed to transform the velocities into wind loads, and to introduce the modified wind pressure force. Finally, a wind-induced time-history response analysis is conducted for a 3D cable-membrane structure. Analytical results indicate that responses induced by the proposed wind load model are 10%-25% larger than those by the con- ventional uncorrelated model, and that the responses are not quite influenced by the modified wind pressure force. Therefore, we concluded that, in the time-history response analysis, the coherences of the three orthogonal turbulent components are necessary for a 3D cable-membrane structure, but the modified wind pressure force can be ignored.     

“变”在三角函数中

三角求值、化简、证明是三角的主要题型,在所有的三角问题中,以“变”为主线,通过一系列的“变角”、“变次”、“变次”、“变结构”等方法枣解决问题。