Durability of Chinese Repair Bamboo Papers under Artificial Aging Conditions

ABSTRACT

To study the life expectancy and difference in aging resistance properties of different modern repair bamboo papers, hydrothermal/dry-heat ageing experiments on repair bamboo paper samples were conducted. The mechanical strength (tensile strength and folding endurance) of different papers during the ageing process were analyzed. Furthermore, the chemical properties (degree of polymerization and pH) of the samples were tested to search for the immanent cause of paper ageing. The results indicated that the ageing resistance ability and durability of modern repair paper are strongly related to their production process, which corresponds with the initial properties of the paper. Mechanical pulp had a low degradation resistance, which was further exacerbated by the chemical bleaching process. In the long run, traditional handmade papers with solar bleaching processes will have longer-term stability and durability.     

Negotiating identity between career and family roles: A study of international graduate students’ wives in the US

This paper is based on a long-term ethnography of an adult creative writing class situated in a major urban art gallery in the United Kingdom. It takes the claims of one group of older adults—that creative writing made them ‘feel younger’—as the starting point for exploring this connection further. It places these claims broadly within theories of learning in later life that advocate creative expression and reminiscence as important practices for educators of older adults. However, the main analysis employs anthropological theories of creativity and ageing in order to question the cultural assumptions about creativity and the period of older age informing theory and practice. The paper argues that the value of creative writing for the individuals studied lies both in the fact that it is a relational (rather than individual) process and a means of being in the present. These findings contradict traditional conceptions about creativity as future-oriented and older people as retrospective; they also raise questions about narratives of empowerment, individual agency and the importance of ‘reminiscence’ in some of the literature on older adult learning.     

积极开发老年体育产业,促进健康老龄化

我国人口年龄结构进入老龄化阶段和全面建设小康社会后，必须在加大政府投入和社会集资力度的同时，大力发展老年体育产业和兴办经济实体，才能适应老年人日益增长的体育需要。开发老年体育产业有三种形式，即自办经济实体；与企业合作，共同兴办；结合自身优势开发无形资产，把老年体育的牌子打到社会上去。     

Refinements Introduced in the Oddy Test Methodology

The ‘Oddy test’ is an accelerated corrosion test introduced in the 1970s at the British Museum to identify materials likely to emit volatile substances that could harm museum artefacts. It is carried out in many museums all around the world, but not always using the same methodology, which makes it difficult to compare and share test results between institutions. Refinements to the Oddy test methodology have been implemented at the British Museum over the last decade and the aim of this paper is to present these and promote consistency across institutions. The modifications introduced concern the method used to wash the glassware, the preparation of the metal coupons, and standard methods for preparing samples of liquid coatings, adhesives, and adhesive tapes. Finally, conducting Oddy tests is time consuming and measures employed at the British Museum to reduce the number of materials to be tested and streamline testing are described.     

Not notable enough: feminism and expertise in Wikipedia

Wikipedia promotes itself as a community that anyone can join as long as they know the rules. In this paper, we reflect on our attempt to join this community and to edit Wikientries on ageing so that they include an intersectional perspective, especially with regard to gender. Our excursion into Wikipedia reveals how certain entries act as sites of contestation between different communities of practice, such as feminist scholars and Wikipedia experts. We document and discuss three interconnected discursive guidelines over which contestation takes place: notability, verifiability, and tone. These guidelines govern the way that Wikipedia operates in relationship to dominant discourses on age and gender. They are at the heart of its inequitable treatment of content matter.     

The influence of performance level,age and gender on pacing strategy during a 100-km ultramarathon

The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of performance level, age and gender on pacing during a 100-km ultramarathon. Results of a 100-km race incorporating the World Masters Championships were used to identify differences in relative speeds in each 10-km segment between participants finishing in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles of overall positions (Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). Similar analyses were performed between the top and bottom 50% of finishers in each age category, as well as within male and female categories. Pacing varied between athletes achieving different absolute performance levels. Group 1 ran at significantly lower relative speeds than all other groups in the first three 10-km segments (all P < 0.01), and significantly higher relative speeds than Group 4 in the 6th and 10th (both P < 0.01), and Group 2 in the 8th (P = 0.04). Group 4 displayed significantly higher relative speeds than Group 2 and 3 in the first three segments (all P < 0.01). Overall strategies remained consistent across age categories, although a similar phenomenon was observed within each category whereby ‘top’ competitors displayed lower relative speeds than ‘bottom’ competitors in the early stages, but higher relative speeds in the later stages. Females showed lower relative starting speeds and higher finishing speeds than males. ‘Top’ and ‘bottom’ finishing males displayed differing strategies, but this was not the case within females. Although pacing remained consistent across age categories, it differed with level of performance within each, possibly suggesting strategies are anchored on direct competitors. Strategy differs between genders and differs depending on performance level achieved in males but not females.     

Identifying motivators and barriers to older community-dwelling people participating in resistance training: A cross-sectional study

Participation rates of older people in resistance training (RT) are low despite increasing research showing many health benefits. To increase the number of older people participating in RT it is important to know what would motivate people to become involved, what motivates those who participate to continue, and the factors preventing many older people from commencing participation. To investigate these issues, a questionnaire was mailed to three groups of older people: (1) those receiving home care services, (2) members of a peak non-government seniors’ organisation and (3) those participating in a specific gym-based RT programme. In total, 1327 questionnaires were returned (response rate = 42.5%). To feel good physically and mentally were the main reasons motivating participation among all three groups, and falls prevention was identified as an important motivator for the home care respondents. Pain, injury and illness were the main barriers to participating, or continuing to participate. However, medical advice was a factor influencing participation commencement. The results suggest organisations providing RT programmes for older people should tailor the promotion and delivery of programmes to address key motivators and barriers specific to each group to increase the proportion of older people initiating and continuing to engage in RT.     

文献老化B-K方程分析

本文认为文献老化B—K方程具有参数少、精度高的特点,分析了文献[2]的“改进”能有效提高B－K方程的精度。分析了B－K方程中反映了“档案性”文献的变化,反映了“有现实作用”文献的变化。     

“十三五”时期中国人口发展面临的挑战与对策

“十二五”时期中国人口持续保持低速增长,人口老龄化程度不断加深。预测表明,中国劳动年龄人口及比例将不断下降,人口老龄化将以世界上少有的速度快速提高,总人口将在2026年左右达到高峰后开始下降。“十三五”时期中国人口发展将面临人口结构失衡、劳动力供给下降、养老服务需求快速增长、城镇化转型等多方面的挑战。为应对这些挑战,必须尽快全面放开二孩生育,转变经济发展方式和开发人力资源,大力发展养老服务业,积极推进新型城镇化等。     

老年人的居住环境探讨

论述了我国人口老龄化的形势，养老模式及养老观念的变化，老年人生理和心理变化．结合我国国情，探讨了有益于老年人的养老模式及老年居住环境中应着重解决的问题．