人口老龄化对我国居民消费需求的影响

人口老龄化作为社会发展到一定阶段的产物,必然会对经济社会产生重要影响。2000年第五次全国人口普查显示,中国已经进入老龄化社会。积极开展人口老龄化问题的研究,尤其是对经济社会的影响,并进行相应的政策引导,是妥善解决老龄化问题,维系社会和谐的必然选择。本文着重分析了人口老龄化对我国居民消费需求的影响,并相应提出了解决建议。     

人口老龄化与我国老龄产业发展问题的思考

党的十七大报告将以人为本的理念具体化为一项项民生政策,将目标明确为使全体人民"学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居",这为应对人口快速老龄化的挑战奠定了指导思想。随着科学技术的进步和人民生活水平的提高,人口平均寿命的延长,我国正迎来一个前所未有的"银发浪潮"。如何未雨绸缪应对"银发浪潮"的冲击,大力发展老龄产业,是值得各级人民政府、企事业单位和社会各界高度关注、重视和思考的问题。     

振动时效法消除应力的应用研究

振动时效消除应力的方法在国外应用已较普遍，而国内的应用不多且大多没达到应有的效果。本文介绍了振动时效法消除应力处理的基本原理和工艺过程，通过试验说明振动时效消除应力的方法与传统热时效方法的显著区别，提出了振动时效方法的工艺要求。     

Learning how to be a woman in the Canadian Forces/unlearning it through feminism: an autoethnography of my learning journey A preliminary version of this paper was presented as part of a panel discussion at the Atlantic Regional Canadian Association for Studies in Adult Education (CASAE) 2002 conference.

Gender plays a significant role in the experiences of workers within organizations. This is particularly true for women in non-traditional roles as they constantly struggle with gender barriers that are so ensconced in certain organizations and in society as to be accepted without question. Using an autoethnographical account, I explore the implications of my experience as a woman in the non-traditional role of a military member. First, I will discuss the importance of speaking from a first-hand, subjective position, and will briefly explore how we learn to be men and women through socialization processes in current western society. Then I will focus on how I learned to be a military member in a male organization and will examine how women's bodies and emotions separate women from men. I conclude with a discussion of how learning about feminist theories provoked me to begin to make connections between my experience and larger societal issues that had previously been invisible to me.     

Gender,age, and sport differences in relative age effects among US Masters swimming and track and field athletes

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine elbow joint extension power-load characteristics with and without a countermovement. Eight male participants performed maximal elbow extensions with and without a countermovement against different loads (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 kg). Electromyographic activity of the lateral and long heads of the triceps brachii and the biceps brachii muscles was recorded. The average joint power in the concentric phase was significantly enhanced in the countermovement condition at all loads except for 0 kg. The optimal load for the maximal joint power was greater in the countermovement (7.5 kg) than in the no countermovement condition (5.0 kg). Electromyographic activity was unchanged over the intensities and conditions. Our results suggest that the optimal load for the maximal joint power depends on the type of action (i.e. with or without a counter-movement), and that the enhanced joint power in the countermovement condition is due primarily to the storage and utilization of elastic energy.     

Examining relative age effects on performance achievement and participation rates in Masters athletes

Abstract

Although the relative age effect has been widely observed in youth sports (Musch & Grondin, 2001 Musch, J. and Grondin, S. 2001. Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental Review, 21: 147–167. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), it is unclear whether it generalizes across the lifespan. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative age effect among a population of Masters athletes using archived data. Two successive studies examined the frequency of record-setting achievements (Study 1) and the frequency of participation entries (Study 2) at the US Masters track-and-field and swimming championships as a function of an individual's constituent year within any 5-year age category. Results of Study 1 indicated that the probability of setting a record increased if Masters athletes were in the first year, and decreased if they were in the third, fourth or fifth year, of an age category. Results of Study 2 indicated that the likelihood of participating in the National championships increased if Masters athletes were in the first or second year, and decreased if they were in the fourth or fifth year, of an age category. We highlight and discuss potential advantages afforded to Masters athletes who are relatively younger than their peers in the same 5-year age category.     

Intra- and inter-session reliability of vertical jump performance in healthy middle-aged and older men and women

Abstract

Despite its widespread use in performance assessment, the reliability of vertical jump in an ageing population has not been addressed properly. The aim of the present study was to assess intra- and inter-day reliability of countermovement jump in healthy middle-aged (55–65 years) and older (66–75 years) men and women. Eighty-two participants were recruited and asked to perform countermovement jumps on two different occasions interspersed by 4 weeks. The middle-aged groups exhibited excellent absolute reliability for flight height, jump height, peak force, peak power, peak force/body mass, and peak power/body mass, with coefficients of variation ranging from 2.9% to 7.2% in men and from 3.6% to 6.9% in women and moderate-to-high intraclass correlations (0.75 to 0.97 in men; 0.77 to 0.95 in women). The older groups displayed good coefficients of variation (4.2% to 10.8% in men and 3.4% to 9.5% in women), but the intraclass correlations were low-to-high (0.43 to 0.84 in men; 0.42 to 0.93 in women). Overall, intra-session reliability was higher than inter-session reliability. Peak power was by far the most consistent variable, whereas flight and jump height had the most marked variability. The minimum detectable change varied from 10.5% to 33%, depending on the variable examined, suggesting important implications for intervention studies.     

我国老年体育消费市场的社会学分析

当21世纪的钟声敲响的时候,中国已以1亿3千万老年人口开始步人世界人口老年型国家的行列。然而,老年体育消费市场却远远满足不了老年体育消费者的需求,如何开拓与发展规模庞大、富有潜力,有待开发的处女地——中国老年体育消费市场,将有望成为一个新的经济增长点,造就一次巨大的体育商业机会,是促进经济持续增长和社会可持续发展的不可缺少的内容之一。     

城市化进程中社区养老服务的现状与对策研究——以T市为例

T市人口老龄化具有老龄化速度快、规模大、高龄人口增多,拥有老龄人口的家庭规模较大等特点。家庭规模结构的变化导致家庭养老功能的“弱化”、现代社会人际关系重构、片面追求经济利益等导致敬老、爱老的社会氛围“淡化”等因素,使得T市养老形势更加严峻。在对上述问题进行深入分析的基础上,提出了改善目前社区养老局势的对策与建议。