Body Composition of Olympic Speed Skating Candidates

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the body composition of speed skaters who were candidates for the 1980 United States Olympic Team. Subjects were 19 males between 16 and 27 years of age. Most subjects had just completed three months of intensive dry-land training. Seven skinfold fat, 11 circumference, and seven diameter sites were measured. Body density was determined by underwater weighing. Study of the speed skaters (mean ± standard deviation) gave the following results: height, 176 ± 8 cm; body weight, 69.6 ± 7.0 kg; body density, 1.081 ± 0.006 g/ml; and relative fat, 7.6 ± 2.6%. The eight speed skaters who were selected for the Olympic Team were significantly older, taller, and heavier in total body weight and fat free weight (FFW) than the non-Olympians. Thus, years of training and greater FFW may help differentiate international caliber male speed skaters. Data on Olympic speed skating candidates from 1968 showed them to be of similar age (20.1 yr) and height (176 cm), but greater in body weight (73.9 kg). Relative fat was not determined but the body mass index (Wt/ht²) showed that the present speed skaters may be leaner (24.0 vs 22.2). These differences in body composition were thought to be, in part, a result of the more rigorous training program currently used by speed skaters. The body composition of the speed skaters was also compared to that of other athletic groups.     

Stress Reduction and Mood Enhancement in Four Exercise Modes: Swimming,Body Conditioning,Hatha Yoga,and Fencing

Abstract

The influence of exercise mode and practice qualities on the stress reduction benefits of exercise was examined. College students in swimming, body conditioning, hatha yoga, fencing, exercise, and lecture-control classes completed the Profile of Mood States and the State Anxiety Inventory before and after class on three occasions. Swimmers had unusually positive initial moods and reported less tension and confusion after swimming only on the first day of testing. Participants in yoga, an anaerobic activity that satisfied three of the four mode requirements, were significantly less anxious, tense, depressed, angry, fatigued, and confused after class than before on all three occasions. Supporting the importance of the four mode characteristics, participants in the exercise control activity of fencing reported improvements only in vigor. A possible influence of practice conditions was observed when members of the body conditioning class reported significant increases in fatigue, but no other mood changes. Results of this study supported the possibility that exercise mode and practice requirements in the proposed taxonomy moderate the stress reduction benefits.     

高职通风与空调工程精品课程建设与实践的研究

为实现高职教育培养应用型人才的培养目标,从课程定位、课程设计理念与思路、课程教学资源建设、课程教学改革、课程教材建设等方面对通风与空调工程课程进行了教学改革与建设。通过精品课程的建设,有效提升了该课程的教学质量,提高了学生解决工程问题的能力,为培养高职建筑设备专业应用型人才积累了宝贵的经验。     

中央空调中电气自动化技术的应用

低压配电、PLC控制和远程监控是电气自动化技术在中央空调中的主要应用,电气自动化技术的正确应用,使得中央空调达到了安全、环保的要求,符合环境节能的理念,提高了环境的舒适度。     

纳米芯片厂高洁净度洁净室设计与施工技术

芯片厂的建设对厂房洁净室的要求很高。武汉新芯集成电路厂是目前国内已经投产的芯片厂中生产工艺最先进的,其洁净室面积也是国内同类厂房中洁净面积最大的厂房,本文结合武汉新芯集成电路厂的建设实例,介绍了高洁净度洁净室设计与施工的一般方法。     

NO_x-空气催化氧化硫化氢制硫磺

利用NOx-空气氧化体系一步氧化硫化氢制硫磺。实验结果表明,在60℃下用NOx-空气催化氧化硫化氢30min后,采用气象色谱分析方法测定反应器里面残留气体中的硫化物含量,经分析计算得:此方法对硫的回收率可达99.28%。     

“大工程观”理念下的民航院校雷达管制教学模式改革研究

通过介绍"大工程观"教育理念实质及特点,结合中国民航大学与华北空中交通管理局实施管制学员雷达管制实践能力联合培养的教学试点改革案例,指出在空管人才培养中,应积极推进雷达管制实践教学模式改革,以应对民航强国战略背景下行业快速发展对空中交通管制人才综合素质的更高要求。     

教室空气环境优化问题的探讨

教室空气环境的优化是一个系统工程,在充分认识教室空气环境特殊性的基础上,要巧用大众花卉植物的净化功能,正确选用负离子空气净化器,冬季用碱性流水及壁瀑净化教室空气。综合应用这些措施,能使教室空气环境舒适、健康。     

微小尺度孔径受限冲击射流的强化换热实验研究

为研究微小孔径气体受限冲击射流的换热特性,采用电阻丝加热方形酚醛树脂薄板作为模拟发热芯片的换热表面,沿对角线均匀布置热电偶以采集表面温度分布。以3mm孔径的圆形单孔及1mm孔径两种不同排列的圆形多孔喷射板对发热面进行中低Re数的射流冲击换热实验．通过改变风数及高度孔径比等参数得到了批数的径向分布及驻点区的换热特性,为射流冲击换热在封装芯片冷却上的应用提供了实验基础。     

5HP数码涡旋多联式空调机组设计探讨

数码涡旋多联式空调机组具有明显的优点,而其设计是一项探索性的工作。论文对5HP数码涡旋多联式空调机组设计中蒸发器及冷凝器的参数确定、压缩机及辅助设备的选型、控制系统的设计等问题进行了探讨,同时介绍了实验验证结果。