小寒、大寒节气对肺心病失代偿期病人的影响

慢性肺源性心脏病是老年人的常见病、多发病,随着我国逐渐进入老龄化社会,肺心病失代偿期对老年人、对家庭、对社会的各方面影响将不断扩大。文章主要运用我国传统医学的理论阐述小寒、大寒季节对本病产生的影响,对疾病的发展及预后起着重要的临床指导作用。     

内质网应激介导细胞凋亡在运动预防非酒精性脂肪肝形成中的作用

摘要：目的：探讨运动对非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的预防作用及作用机理。方法： SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和运动组3 组。对照组给予普通饲料喂养,模型组予高脂饲料喂养,运动组在高脂饲料喂养的同时予运动干预,连续8周,直至实验结束。HE染色观察肝脏病理形态变化,TUNEL法测肝细胞凋亡,western blot检测CHOP、Caspase12和JNK蛋白表达,免疫组化检测CHOP、Caspase12和JNK蛋白阳性表达。结果：1）与对照组比较,模型组肝细胞脂肪性变明显,肝细胞凋亡指数升高,CHOP、Caspase12、JNK蛋白表达及阳性表达增加;2）与模型组比较,运动组肝细胞脂肪变性减轻,肝细胞凋亡指数减少,CHOP、Caspase12、JNK蛋白表达及阳性表达降低。结论：8周高脂饮食可成功复制NAFLD动物模型,内质网应激介导细胞凋亡参与NAFLD形成。运动对NAFLD形成具有较好的预防作用,其机制可能与运动可降低内质网应激介导细胞凋亡蛋白CHOP、JNK和Caspase12在肝细胞的表达,抑制肝细胞凋亡有关。     

《西游记》中的观音“疥癞”形象源流考

《西游记》第八回中观音为寻取经人,幻化模样后的人间形象是一个满身病疮的,衣衫褴褛的落魄和尚。在人们心目中法相庄严的观音怎么会幻化成这样一副模样？这绝不是信手拈来的自由发挥,而是有着文献依据的。通过一连串相互继连的记载可以考证出其源流。     

阿尔茨海默病发病机理的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)病因及发病机制尚未完全阐明,有关其发病机制有β-淀粉样蛋白假说、Tau 蛋白假说、炎症学说和氧化应激学说等多种.本文就现有较公认的发病机制研究进展作一综述.     

A case study of imported pulmonary coccidioidomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease of the Western hemisphere. The cases in non-endemic areas are mostly imported. Determining a history of exposure is critical for performing the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis, especially for cases occurring in a non-endemic area. In this study, a 71-year-old Chinese male presented to our hospital with chronic cough and malaise, and was found to have a mass in the middle lobe of right lung. He had been visiting Arizona, USA for four months before admission. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis was confirmed by the results of histopathological examination after lobectomy. Typical microscopic features of Coccidioides are definitely diagnostic, but need be differentiated from other budding yeast infection or carcinoma histopathologically.     

Biochemical Evaluation of Patients of Alcoholic Liver Disease and Non-alcoholic Liver Disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is due to excessive alcohol intake for long duration. Distinguishing ALD from non-ALD (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis of viral origin) is difficult as patient may deny alcohol abuse. Clinical examination, histology and serology may not differentiate these conditions. Accurate diagnosis is important as management of ALD differs from non-ALD patients. The aim of our study was (1) To evaluate the patients of ALD and non-ALD by biochemical parameters compared to controls, (2) To assess whether these parameters can differentiate ALD from non-ALD. Study was carried out on 50 patients of ALD in group I and 35 patients of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) and acute viral hepatitis each in group II. Age matched healthy controls n = 50. Selection criteria—history of alcohol intake (amount and duration), clinical examination, sonography of abdomen, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and bilirubin levels. Blood samples were analyzed for bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) by kinetic method. Statistical analysis was done by Student unpaired ‘t’ test. Patients of ALD have raised AST/ALT ratio (De Ritis ratio) (>2), ALP and GGT compared to controls (P < 0.01).There is significant difference in AST/ALT ratio, serum GGT and ALP in ALD group compared to that in NASH and acute viral hepatitis (P < 0.05). This study suggests that De Ritis ratio >2 in ALD patients may be due to alcohol induced hepatic mitochondrial injury and pyridoxine deficiency. High GGT and ALP values may indicate enzyme induction by alcohol and mild cholestasis. Thus ALD patients have severe hepatic damage. De Ritis ratio <1 and normal to mild elevation in GGT level in NASH and acute viral hepatitis suggest mild hepatic injury of non-alcoholic origin. Our study concludes that ALD patients can be differentiated from NASH and acute viral hepatitis with certainty by measuring serum AST/ALT ratio, GGT and ALP. These biochemical parameters may help clinicians to support the diagnosis of ALD and non-ALD.     

南宁市邕宁区慢性病流行病学调查分析报告

目的:了解南宁市邕宁区慢性病现状,为南宁市邕宁区慢性病防治提供科学的参考。方法:采用问卷调查与个别访谈相结合的方法,由经过统一培训合格的调查员采用面对面的调查方式。结果:当地社区居民慢性病发病率较高,患有一种或以上的患者人数占被试者总人数的54.4%。主要的慢性病为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、慢性支气管炎、肿瘤,患病率分别为19.2%、11.3%、8%、11%、8%,高血压是当地发病率最高的慢性病。结论:当地有关部门应积极开展疾病预防宣传工作,加强社区康复机构建设,加强社区全科医生服务团队建设,发挥中医药的重要作用,从而提高当地居民健康水平和生活质量。     

新形势下中职院校传染病护理学教学改革策略

在新形势下中职院校传染病护理学教学中有很多好的方法,如“自学一辅导”模式教学法,PBL教学法,启发式教学法等。作为护理专业教师,要在教学的过程中不断吸收新的知识,不断创新．不断学习和探索用之可行的教学方法和模式。因此,本文对新形势下中职院校传染病护理学教学改革策略进行了探讨。     

从海员易患病探讨航海专业体育教学改革

运用有关研究成果,阐述了海员的易患病及危害,分析了海员易患病的病因,提出了预防海员易患病的措施之一是对航海专业的体育教学作必要的改革,并探讨改革的具体内容。     

大鼠帕金森氏病动物模型的建立

采用SD大鼠30只，25只为试验组，5只为对照组。在三维立体定向仪上用微量注射器将6－OHDA32μg分两点注射入右侧纹状体，每周检测动物的旋转行为，第1周动物没有出现旋转行为，第2周动物出现明显的旋转行为，随后缓慢上升；至术后5周才升至较高的水平并保持平稳。其中有15只动物达到或超过了7r/min这一通常采用的标准，模型成功率达60％。酪氨酸羟化酶免疫组化显示：术后第1周至第5周右侧黑质TH免疫反应细胞逐渐砬少，各个时期的右侧黑质TH免疫反应细胞较对侧明显减少。采用此方法建立的大鼠帕金森氏病模型更加符合临床PD病人的病程进展并明显提高成功率。