Learning while playing: Children's Forest School experiences in the UK

Children's outdoor play is declining, despite clear links between play, learning and development. Alternative learning initiatives which provide children with a diversity of play opportunities, including the chance to play outdoors, are therefore needed. One such programme, Forest School, is increasing in popularity in the UK and internationally, yet little is understood about its impact on children's learning, or how alternative approaches are informing learning in mainstream settings. This novel study examined primary school children's experiences of engaging in a Forest School programme in relation to this intersection between formal and informal approaches to learning. It explored how children interpret their experiences when faced with a fusion of learning environments and critically evaluates the benefits children realise, when asked to reflect on their learning engagement in both classroom and outdoor settings. Interviews were conducted with 33 children from two mainstream primary schools in England who had recently completed a 6-week Forest School programme. A rigorous phenomenological thematic analysis revealed three inter-related themes: a break from routine; learning through play; collaboration and teamwork. The findings suggest that the blending of Forest School with mainstream settings contributes to children's social, cognitive, emotional and physical skill development through experiential learning using play. These findings are significant because they not only emphasise the values of social constructivist play-pedagogy which underpin Forest School practice, but also highlight the need for primary schools to consider learning outside of the classroom as an effective pedagogy.     

ADR视域下的高校法律援助研究

高等院校法律援助机构的建立是法律援助事业、法学实践教育体制改革和建构社会法律信仰的必然要求。然而,目前存在诸多因素阻碍了高校法律援助机构的长足发展。笔者建议将高校法律援助纳入ADR纠纷解决体系的建构,并对其提出可行性建议。     

劝返何去何从

劝返作为引渡的替代性措施之一,早在2007年的胡星案中就成功使用过。劝返较引渡和引渡的其他替代性措施,确实存在一系列优势,但它的困境也是显而易见的:其前提性条件的具备何其艰难;其是否像有的学者所说的那样应认定为自首;为何杨湘洪至今未被劝返。总之,充分比较劝返的利弊之后,我们是否继续不遗余力地对劝返措施进行提倡,如果提倡的话,如何提倡,则是不得不面对的问题。     

线状需求下两阶段设施选址问题

鉴于大型交通线路建设项目的物资需求随时间变化(在初期阶段需求较低;在后续阶段项目全面展开,需求显著上升),本文采用线积分对沿线连续分布的线状物资需求进行刻画,构建两阶段设施选址模型,第一阶段进行部分设施的选址,第二阶段对剩余设施选址,以实现系统总成本最低的目标。针对模型特点,设计基于Voronoi图的两阶段交替定位-分配(alternative location-allocation,ALA)算法进行求解,并进行实例分析,比较两阶段模型与传统模型的异同。研究表明,将两阶段设施选址模型应用于交通线路建设项目多物流节点选址,能节约运营成本,并缓解初期资金压力。     

美国嬉皮士运动：对正统文化的反抗和颠覆

爆发于20世纪60年代的美国嬉皮士运动是对美国正统文化的反动,旨在通过毒品、摇滚乐、性自由和公社等形式挑战、对抗、颠覆和消解基于理性主义和技术治理的美国主流文化价值观．代之以基于非理性主义的价值观及其“另类生活方式”。这场以青年嬉皮士为主体的文化反叛运动不仅在当时名声显赫,引人关注,而且对美国人的价值观产生了深远和长久的影响,其“幽灵”仍徘徊在美国政治、社会、教育和文化的方方面面。     

弱序列连续的半闭1-集压缩映射的新不动点

利用弱序列连续的半闭1-集压缩映射的非线性二择一性质,得到了Banach空间中弱序列连续的半闭1-集压缩映射的若干新不动点定理,从而将著名的Altman定理、Roth定理和Petryshyn定理由压缩映射推广到弱序列连续的半闭1-集压缩映射的情形.     

企业进入、产业波动与就业增长——对我国高技术产业的实证分析

考虑可能影响地区就业增长的微观和宏观因素,利用我国2000—2009年31个省市区高技术产业的数据,通过面板PDLS模型和分位数回归模型实证分析企业进入和产业波动对就业增长的影响,研究结果表明:企业进入对就业增长的影响呈现出波浪形的变化趋势,从短期和长期来看,企业进入对就业增长有正向的促进作用,但从中期来看则表现为负向影响;产业波动对就业增长的影响呈现出先正后负的变化趋势,在短期内产业波动可以促进就业增长,长期内则会抑制就业增长。政府应降低行政性准入壁垒对企业进入的消极影响,营造公平的市场进入环境和完善的产业发展环境。     

中学英语教学中相异构想的成因与纠正

语言学习是一个不断掌握新知识的过程,学生对新知识的理解和掌握是建立在原有知识和经验的基础之上的。然而,有时候由于原有知识的局限性,会与新知识产生;中突,从而阻碍学习者理解和接受新知识。相异构想就是学生原有的知识与科学知识不一致的认识,它对学生学习英语产生较大的负面影响。本文阐述了什么是相异构想、它的成因和特点,在此基础上提出了纠正学生相异构想的建议,以提高教师教和学生学的质量和效果。     

改善和提高参数单侧假设检验教学效果的实践与探索

分析了参数单侧假设检验教学的现状和存在的问题,提出和论证在该部分内容的教学中应注意讲好思想方法、确定好小概率事件和适当介绍参数单侧检验中原假设的确立原则。通过加强这三个方面的工作,以期缓解学生学习的畏难情绪,提高学生的学习兴趣,从而有效改善和提高参数单侧假设检验的教学效果。     

Children's rights,school exclusion and alternative educational provision

This paper examines findings from a recent study in Wales of school exclusion and alternative educational provision. Many, but not all, children in alternative provision have been excluded from school. The most recent statistics reveal that nearly 90% of pupils in alternative provision have special educational needs, nearly 70% are entitled to free school meals (free school meal entitlement is often used as a proxy indicator for poverty in the UK) and three quarters are boys (Welsh Government. 2012a. Pupils Educated Other than at School, 2011/12. Cardiff: Welsh Government). The paper focuses on analysis of findings about young people's experiences of exclusion and alternative provision, and how these experiences may be contextualised within a discussion of children's rights. This analysis suggests that young people's experience is highly variable; that inappropriate curricula are still common, pastoral support uneven and that few opportunities exist for success or re-integration. In the most disturbing examples, young people were found to have experienced physical restraint and the use of isolation as punishment. The paper concludes, therefore, with a proposal for change aimed at ensuring that children's rights are placed at the heart of educational experience in practice as well as policy.