R&D co-operation and innovation a microeconometric study on French firms

The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation.     

Expression of antimicrobial peptide Cecropin P1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its antibacterial and antiviral activity in vitro

BackgroundCecropin P1, acting as an antimicrobial, has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with some antiviral and antifungal properties. It is a promising natural alternative to antibiotics which is originally isolated from the pig intestinal parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Many studies have shown that Cecropin P1 is helpful for the prevention or treatment of clinical diseases. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish a safe, nontoxic, and efficient expression method of Cecropin P1.ResultsThe results indicated that the recombinant protein was about 5.5 kDa showed by Tricine–SDS–PAGE and Western blot. And Cecropin P1 was efficiently secreted and expressed after 12 h of induction, with an increasing yield over the course of the induction. Its maximum concentration was 7.83 mg/L after concentration and purification. In addition, in vitro experiments demonstrated that Cecropin P1 not only exerted a strong inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., and Pasteurella sp., but also displayed an antiviral activity against PRRSV NADC30-Like strain.ConclusionsCollectively, the strategy of expressing Cecropin P1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is harmless, efficient, and safe for cells. In addition, the expressed Cecropin P1 has antiviral and antibacterial properties concurrently.How to cite: Jiang R, Zhang P, Wu X, et al., Expression of antimicrobial peptide Cecropin P1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its antibacterial and antiviral activity in vitro. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.12.006     

“大学域” 图书馆资源共享研究

随着高等教育规模的扩大，大学城在我国得到了迅速的发展。文章分析了大学城在我国产生的必然性，大学城资源共享的主要领域，提出了大学城图书馆之间可以在政策制定、协调采购、目录编制、馆际互借、对外交流和利用现代信息技术方面实现资源共享，分析了在资源共享方面存在的问题。     

基于5W1H分析的公共图书馆大字本图书阅读推广服务探究

大字本图书是低视力人群重要的信息来源和学习资源,公共图书馆作为大字本图书主要的馆藏地,肩负着大字本图书阅读推广服务的重要职责。通过5W1H分析法,提出公共图书馆大字本图书阅读推广服务对策,包括服务时间、地点的选择、服务团队的建设以及服务方法等,以期对公共图书馆开展大字本图书阅读推广服务有所帮助。     

高职高等数学"2+1"教学模式研究与实践

针对目前高职数学课程教学内容体系一成不变,教学方式单一,教学模式陈旧的现状,高职院校要转变教学思想,改革课程体系,以应用能力培养为主线,通过构建“2＋1”（二年理论教学＋一年实践教学）模式来提高教学效率,并通过改革教学方法和教学手段以保证“2＋1”教学模式的顺利实施。     

Habilitationsverfahren; Gutachten; Beweiswürdigung

Der Umstand, dass fünf Gutachten zum Ergebnis gelangt seien, die im Habilitationsverfahren vorgelegten Arbeiten würden die wissenschaftliche Qualifikation des Habilitanden iSd § 28 Abs 5 UOG 1993 erweisen, w?hrend nur eines eine gegenteilige Auffassung vertrete, besagt für sich nichts über die inhaltliche Richtigkeit der einen oder der anderen Auffassung. Eine Bindung der Beh?rde an die "klare Mehrheit" der in den eingeholten Gutachten vertretenen Auffassung besteht nicht. Vielmehr ist iSd § 45 Abs 2 des im Habilitationsverfahren anzuwendenden AVG der im Wege der Beweiswürdigung zu ermittelnde "innere Wahrheitsgehalt" der Ergebnisse des Beweisverfahrens ma?geblich, wobei die bei der Beweiswürdigung ma?gebenden Erw?gungen in der Begründung des Bescheides klar und übersichtlich zusammenzufassen sind.     

努力打造一门具有本土特色的专业选修课程——“广西新时期文学作品选读”新课程建设

"广西新时期文学作品选读"是河池学院中国语言文学系汉语言文学专业新开设的一门专业选修课程,该教学改革项目2005年被批准为"新世纪广西高等教育教学改革工程‘十一五’第一批立项项目"。本文对"广西新时期文学作品选读‘新课程建设’"项目的立项背景、意义和建设情况进行扼要总结,并对下一步的建设进行思考。     

“V＋个＋VP”构式研究

本文拟从认知构式语法角度探讨＂V＋个＋VP＂这个汉语中常见结构在形式、功能上的独特性。我们认为＂V＋个＋VP＂是不可替代有着独特构式义的构式,具有以下两个主要语用特征：表达＂随意,彻底＂等特殊情感;＂个＂突出焦点的作用。在现实需求的基础上,由同一层面的五个图式构式经过传承压制而成,而具体构式又是图式构式的例示,双方互为理据性。形成了由处在两端的原型子构式（动宾构式和动补构式）及介于两者之间的连续体构成。     

母语思维对儿童第二语言习得的积极影响

关于母语思维与二语习得的关系,学界已有不少论述,但大多注重研究母语思维对二语习得的消极负面影响,对其积极正面影响则探讨不多。造成这一问题的关键就是认识研究的方法是机械的、片面的,而非辩证的、科学的。母语思维与二语习得具有三重关联性,即外在关联性、本质关联性和过程关联性,因此母语思维在儿童二语习得过程中,除了其消极影响外,它还有助于儿童理解、消化和吸收第二语言信息,进而帮助儿童更好地完成第二语言习得。     

“新的思维观念”与“新的价值和意义”——评黄科安《延安文学研究》

黄科安先生的专著《延安文学研究》突破了传统延安文学研究的规范,以一种＂新的思维观念＂来考察延安文学,挖掘出延安文学＂新的价值和意义＂,具体表现为如下几点：一、返回＂历史情境＂的＂知识考古学＂式文学史研究思维方式;二、对延安文学所代表的本土话语体系的价值意义与历史地位的理性评判和＂高调＂肯定;三、凸现延安文学的复杂化建构;四、建立在延安文学＂接受史＂基础上的主体评判。