男子赛艇专项负荷过程中气体代谢的变化特征

利用Sensonnedics2900型呼吸代谢仪通过对八名优秀男子赛艇运动员专项负荷过程中气体代谢变化的实验研究,结果显示:VE、RR、VO2、METS、TV等均呈显出"急骤增加———慢速增加———急骤下降"的变化特征(P<0.05)。RQ、VEO2、VECO2等均呈显出"快速下降———快速增加———慢速增加"的变化特征(P<0.05)。VE、VO2、VCO2等均呈显出"平台"的变化特征(P>0.05)。RQ、VEO2、VECO2等均呈显出先"V"型后"平台"的变化特征。建议:"平台"的时值可作为评价运动员较长时间稳态工作能力的依据。     

武术散手运动员赛后血乳酸、血尿素氮、心率等的变化

采用实验法,对武术散手运动员赛后的血乳酸、血尿素氯、心率等指标进行测试。结果发现,散手运动是以乳酸代谢为主的运动项目,训练中以提高运动员无氧代谢能力为主。     

UASB工艺在污水处理中的应用前景

该文介绍了上流式污泥床(UASB)反应器的工艺特点及其在不同性质的污水处理中的应用情况和处理效果。     

Effects of sprint interval exercise dose and sex on circulating irisin and redox status markers in adolescent swimmers

Irisin and redox status markers seem to share common pathways of exercise-induced upregulation. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sprint interval swimming exercise dose and sex on the circulating levels of irisin and redox status markers in adolescent swimmers. Sixteen male and 16 female adolescent swimmers completed two sets of 4 × 50 m maximal freestyle swimming with a send-off time of 90 s, separated by 10 min of passive recovery. Venous blood samples were obtained pre-exercise (Pre), after the first set (Post1) and after the second set (Post2). Males had higher irisin levels than females. Reduced glutathione (GSH, μmol g Hb^?1) increased from 8.6 (2.2) [pooled males and females, mean (SD) throughout] at Pre to 9.4 (2.1) at Post1 and Post2. Total antioxidant capacity (μmol DPPH mL^?1) increased from 0.89 (0.17) at Post1 to 0.94 (0.16) at Post2. 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine (ng mL^?1) increased from 20.9 (6.9) at Pre and 21.5 (7.1) at Post1 to 25.0 (10.9) at Post2. Overall, sprint interval swimming exercise induced small but potentially effective changes in the studied parameters. Exercise dose influenced the GSH and 8-OHdG responses, and sex affected irisin levels.     

Differences in lower-limb coordination and coordination variability between novice and experienced runners during a prolonged treadmill run at anaerobic threshold speed

This study investigated differences in lower-limb coordination and coordination variability between experienced and novice runners during a prolonged run. Thirty-four participants were categorised as either experienced (n = 17) or novice runners (n = 17). All participants performed a 31-min treadmill run at their individual anaerobic threshold speed, and lower-limb kinematic data were acquired in the sagittal plane at the beginning, middle, and end of the run. Lower-limb coordination and variability during the stance phase were quantified using a vector coding technique for hip-knee, knee-ankle, pelvis-thigh, thigh-shank, and shank-foot couplings. Repeated-measure analysis of covariance revealed that running experience and time had significant interactions on the coordination patterns for hip-knee and pelvis-thigh couplings. During the midstance, experienced runners exhibited a higher percentage of in-phase motion for pelvis-thigh and knee-ankle couplings while novice runners displayed a higher percentage of distal motion for pelvis-thigh coupling and anti-phase motion for hip-knee coupling. Experienced runners displayed more variability in hip-knee and shank-foot couplings, and novice runners had more variability in hip, knee, and thigh motion. Experienced and novice runners adapted to progressive fatigue through different lower-limb coordination patterns. Throughout the prolonged run, experienced runners demonstrated greater coordination variability and novice runners displayed greater joint and segment variability.     

Effects of short-term Rhodiola Rosea (Golden Root Extract) supplementation on anaerobic exercise performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term Rhodiola Rosea (Golden Root Extract (GRE)) supplementation on repeated Wingate performance. Eleven physically active college aged females were recruited for this study. In a within groups counterbalanced study design, participants were supplemented with either 1,500 mg/day of GRE or placebo (gluten-free cornstarch) for 3 days. Participants also took an additional 500 mg dose of corresponding treatment 30 minutes prior to testing of each trial. During each exercise trial, participants completed 3 × 15-second Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnTs) separated by 2-minute active recovery periods. Each exercise trial was separated by a 7 day washout period. Over the 3 × 15-second WAnTs, mean watts (p = 0.017, ES = 0.55), mean anaerobic capacity (p = 0.025, ES = 0.96), mean anaerobic power (p = 0.03, ES = 1.07), mean peak watts (p = 0.029,ES = 0.46), and mean total work (p = 0.017, ES = 0.49) were higher in the GRE treatment trial versus placebo. However, mean fatigue index (p = 0.094, ES = 0.39) was unaffected regardless of treatment. Our results show that GRE supplementation enhanced anaerobic exercise performance as measured through repeated WAnTs. GRE may possess ergogenic benefits and findings hold important implications for boosting anaerobic performance in repeated anaerobic bouts of exercise.     

Effects of work-matched supramaximal intermittent vs. submaximal constant-workload warm-up on all-out effort power output at the end of 2 minutes of maximal cycling

We tested the hypothesis that work-matched supramaximal intermittent warm-up improves final-sprint power output to a greater degree than submaximal constant-intensity warm-up during the last 30?s of a 120-s supramaximal exercise simulating the final sprint during sports events lasting approximately 2?min. Ten male middle-distance runners performed a 120-s supramaximal cycling exercise consisting of 90?s of constant-workload cycling at a workload corresponding to 110% maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) followed by 30?s of maximal-effort cycling. This exercise was preceded by 1) no warm-up (Control), 2) a constant-workload cycling warm-up at a workload of 60%VO_2max for 6?min and 40?s, or 3) a supramaximal intermittent cycling warm-up for 6?min and 40?s consisting of 5 sets of 65?s of cycling at a workload of 46%VO_2max?+?15?s of supramaximal cycling at a workload of 120%VO_2max. By design, total work was matched between the two warm-up conditions. Supramaximal intermittent and submaximal constant-workload warm-ups similarly increased 5-s peak (590?±?191 vs. 604?±?215W, P?=?0.41) and 30-s mean (495?±?137 vs. 503?±?154W, P?=?0.48) power output during the final 30-s maximal-effort cycling as compared to the no warm-up condition (5-s peak: 471?±?165W; 30-s mean: 398?±?117W). VO₂ during the 120-s supramaximal cycling was similarly increased by the two warm-ups as compared to no-warm up (P?≤?0.05). These findings show that work-matched supramaximal intermittent and submaximal constant-workload warm-ups improve final sprint (～30?s) performance to similar extents during the late stage of a 120-s supramaximal exercise bout.     

8位不同体质量的顶级柔道运动员在同一赛前训练计划实施中的能量代谢特征

为了研究不同体质量的顶级柔道运动员在同一赛前4个月训练计划实施中的能量代谢特征。选取俄罗斯国家队参加欧洲锦标赛的顶级柔道运动员8人作为研究对象。得出结论:1)俄罗斯国家柔道队在欧洲锦标赛前实施的同一赛前训练计划对不同体质量的顶级柔道运动员的能量代谢产生了不同程度的影响;2)为了针对不同体质量的顶级柔道运动员的具体训练目标来制定训练计划,必须对顶级柔道运动员传统的训练手段和训练方法进行评价,以确保每一组顶级柔道运动员(小体质量组、中体质量组和大体质量组)独立完成训练任务并定期达到同样的预期恢复效果;3)顶级柔道运动员竞赛成绩的正向变化在较大程度上取决于专项耐力和无氧供能水平的提高速率;4)在赛前训练最后阶段,以规律性地暂时降低顶级柔道运动员的有氧供能水平的方式来提高竞赛成绩,不会产生消极影响。     

我国优秀速滑大学生运动员无氧能力特征的研究

目的：了解我国优秀速度滑冰大学生运动员的无氧能力特征。方法：采用Wingate无氧功率试验法对26名现役运动员进行了无氧能力测试。结果：健将级大学生运动员的无氧能力均好于一级运动员;男大学生运动员的无氧能力都好于女大学生运动员。结论：研究发现我国男子速度滑冰大学生运动员无氧能力偏低,提示应重视无氧能力的训练;女子速度滑冰大学生运动员无氧能力较强;无氧能力的相对值比绝对值,对运动员的机能评价和训练监控更重要。     

关于200m、400m跑项目相似点及训练思路的分析研究

400m跑项目的特殊性使得不少教练员对该项目的特征认识不足,训练方式有所偏差,这已经成为妨碍一些运动员400m跑成绩提高的主要瓶颈。为此,文章通过其与传统短跑项目200m相似点的分析研究后,得出相应的结论并提出相关建议,旨在进一步提高训练的质量与效率,提高运动成绩。