南方红豆杉木材解剖特征研究

通过对南方红豆杉木材宏观、显微构造及管胞长度分布频率的研究,并与国产红豆杉属其他种木材进行对比.结果表明,南方红豆杉木材构造特征与红豆杉属其它种的木材十分近似,但在早晚材变化缓急、木射线细胞组成及早材交叉场纹孔类型与紫杉明显不同;南方红豆杉管胞弦向宽度与红豆杉和云南红豆杉相近,但长度较短,紫杉管胞则比南方红豆杉粗短;南方红豆杉管胞长度分布频率早晚材均呈正态分布;天然林的南方红豆杉管胞长度比人工林的明显要短.     

叙词表的术语服务方式研究

通过概念的形成过程、概念的表达形式,论述基于概念的术语服务形式;同时,基于叙词表的等级关系与相关关系,论述如何通过概念关系组织相关术语,实现基于叙词表概念关系的术语服务方式;最后,讨论术语服务的知识产权、更新维护及映射集成问题。     

叙词表国际标准的修订及其对基于知识组织的术语服务的影响

叙词表国际标准在修订过程中,新增大量与基于知识组织的术语服务相关的内容。通过对这些标准技术内容的深入剖析,结合基于知识组织的术语服务现状,探讨叙词表的最新修订对基于知识组织的术语服务未来发展的影响。这些影响体现为三个方面:推动基于知识组织的术语服务的规范化发展,促进术语集在基于知识组织的术语服务中的应用,促进基于知识组织的术语服务与术语工作的协调发展。     

Quality management of body donation program at the University of Padova

Quality management improvement has become a recent focus of attention in medical education. The program for the donation of bodies and body parts (Body Donation Program) at the University of Padova has recently been subjected to a global quality management standard, the ISO 9001:2008 certification. The aim of the present work is to show how the above standard is useful in enhancing the efficiency of body donation procedures and the quality and output of medical education. The program is managed by means of the following interlinked procedures: the collection of body donations, death certificates, data, and body parts from living donors; the transportation and identification of cadavers; the management of bodies, body parts, equipment, instruments, purchasing of necessary materials, and setting up anatomical training sessions; the management of preventive and corrective actions; the management of documents and registration; the management of internal and external quality audits; and the review of outcomes and improvement planning. Monitoring indicators are identified in the numbers of donors and of donated body parts per year, education sessions, and satisfaction of learners and donors, as evaluated by questionnaires. The process management approach, the integrated involvement of medical, technical, and administrative staff in defining procedures, and the application of monitoring indicators allow quality improvement in all aspects of the Body Donation Program. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.     

Autopsy-Based Learning is Essential But Underutilized in Medical Education: A Questionnaire Study

To this day, autopsies and dissections have been essential in medical education, but declining autopsy numbers have endangered this long-standing tradition. Students' perceptions of these teaching methods should be constantly updated to help educators understand how to achieve their teaching goals. The purpose of this study was to explore the state of autopsy- and dissection-based teaching in two Finnish universities based on the experiences of the students, survey their perceptions of such teaching, and to compare the Finnish situation with students' perceptions in other countries as it emerges from medical literature. A questionnaire went to 859 second-, fourth-, and sixth-year medical students. The questions concerned dissection and autopsy classes these students had attended, the views of the students in regard to the number of classes, and the benefits of and attitudes towards autopsy teaching. An open question of how to improve autopsy teaching was included. The response rate was 19.4%. Most respondents requested more autopsy and dissection classes, especially practical education. They found autopsies most beneficial in learning anatomy and dealing with one's own emotions related to death. Their experiences proved least beneficial for interaction with the relatives of a deceased patient and for people skills. Integrational methods and focusing on the main learning outcomes were suggested as improvements. Overall, students found dissection and autopsy teaching important, but felt concerned about the diminishing autopsy numbers. Focusing on main learning objectives and better integration of autopsies in the teaching of different specialties could help to utilize autopsies to a greater extent.     

Effect of Dental Course Cycle on Anatomical Knowledge and Dental Carving Ability of Dental Students

This study assessed the effect of the course cycle on theoretical knowledge of dental morphology and the dental carving ability of dental students. Thirty-two dental students from the third semester (initial cycle) and 30 students from the eighth and tenth semesters of the dental course (end cycle) had their theoretical knowledge on dental morphology assessed using a questionnaire with ten closed questions. Their dental carving ability was also assessed using wax carvings in macro models of plaster (for the third [S3] and eight [S8] semesters) and natural-sized artificial teeth (for the tenth [S10] semester). The teeth chosen for the dental carving activity were #16 and #47. The scores were statistically analyzed using the t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test (α = 0.05). Students from the initial cycle presented better theoretical knowledge than the other groups did (P < 0.007). No significant differences in carving score were found between the initial and end cycles (P > 0.05), although S10 students obtained a higher score for teeth #16 and #47 (P < 0.05). Natural-sized artificial teeth received a higher evaluation score in dental carvings than the macro models (P < 0.001). Within the limits of this study, it was possible to conclude that students from the initial cycle (S3) presented higher theoretical knowledge, whereas no difference in carving ability was observed between the initial and end cycles. The tenth semester (S10) students performed dental carvings with better quality. Furthermore, carvings in natural-sized artificial teeth presented better quality compared with the macro models.     

白木香茎次生木质部结构的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术，对白木香茎次生木质部结构进行了解剖研究．结果表明，茎材横切面为散孔材，生长轮不明显，导管分子单穿孔板，木材分子非叠生，绝大多数射线为异形Ⅲ型管孔排列方式多为茎向复管孔或管孔团，具有内函韧皮部．还从解剖学的角度对白木香次生木质部的构造特点进行了讨论．     

Optimizing quality of dental carving by preclinical dental students through anatomy theory reinforcement

Knowledge of dental anatomy is of great importance in the practice of dentistry, especially in oral rehabilitation, because without this knowledge, professional practice is not possible. Dental carving plays a major role in training dental students as it develops their manual dexterity. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the influence of didactic‐theoretical reinforcement on the theoretical and practical knowledge of dental anatomy of preclinical students by examining the quality of the anatomical restorations performed by these students before and after a didactic‐theoretical reinforcement. For the evaluation of theoretical knowledge, a questionnaire with closed questions about dental anatomy was used. To evaluate the effect of didactic reinforcement on dental carvings, two groups of 15 preclinical students were assessed. Experimental group (G1) received a three‐hour theoretical tutoring on dental anatomy, while the control group (G2) did not. The dental carving scores obtained by the two different groups were compared using Student's t‐test. Cohen's d was used to estimate the effect sizes between groups. The frequency of correct answers given for each theoretical knowledge question was compared in each group using Fisher's exact test. T‐test was also used to compare the means of the two groups' final scores of theoretical evaluations. To compare these final scores obtained in both carving and theoretical tests, a principal component analysis was performed with different items assessed in each test to obtain factor loading scores and a final weighted score, where factor loadings were considered for each item. Weighted scores were compared using t‐test. Also, scores obtained during the head and neck course were assessed and compared using t‐test. Spearman's correlation test was used to assess the correlation between scores obtained prior to the anatomy course and scores obtained in the dental carving exercise. The theoretical evaluation revealed no significant difference between the grades (mean ± SD) of G1 (85.1 ± 6.6%) and G2 (86.2 ± 9.1%) with the grades of a baseline test that was previously obtained when students submitted to the study (P = 0.725). Regarding the tooth carving assessment, the dental carving quality by students of G1 has significantly improved, except for tooth #23 (P = 0.096). Theoretical reinforcement of dental anatomy seems to improve the students' carving performance but does not enhance their knowledge about dental anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 11: 377–384. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

Vendor Training

The article explores the role of vendor training in the long-term relationshio that exists between libraries that ~urchase an integrated online library system and vendors that market ind support such svsterns. Ernohasis is eiven to the res~onsibilitv vendors have to proierly train library so as to'insure successful imple- mentation and use of their online system. Analysis and evaluation of vendor training programs is stressed and suggestions are given for how vendors can possibly improve the training provided to their users.     

中职校音乐教学中非术语化声乐教学用语的运用分析

在中职声乐教学中,经常会使用到一些声乐用语,这些声乐用语的运用,为学生的发声练习给予一定的指导,但在实际教学中,由于声乐教学的抽象性,只依靠专门教学术语是不能完全准确转化为歌唱运动的,非术语化的声乐用语更容易让学生理解教学用语,产生较好的教学效果。本文就中职音乐教学中,非术语化的声乐教学用语运用提出两点粗浅看法。