Formative Assessment: A Meta‐Analysis and a Call for Research

An effect size of about .70 (or .40–.70) is often claimed for the efficacy of formative assessment, but is not supported by the existing research base. More than 300 studies that appeared to address the efficacy of formative assessment in grades K‐12 were reviewed. Many of the studies had severely flawed research designs yielding uninterpretable results. Only 13 of the studies provided sufficient information to calculate relevant effect sizes. A total of 42 independent effect sizes were available. The median observed effect size was .25. Using a random effects model, a weighted mean effect size of .20 was calculated. Moderator analyses suggested that formative assessment might be more effective in English language arts (ELA) than in mathematics or science, with estimated effect sizes of .32, .17, and .09, respectively. Two types of implementation of formative assessment, one based on professional development and the other on the use of computer‐based formative systems, appeared to be more effective than other approaches, yielding mean effect size of .30 and .28, respectively. Given the wide use and potential efficacy of good formative assessment practices, the paucity of the current research base is problematic. A call for more high‐quality studies is issued.     

教学改革中的英语教学策略与形成性评估

教学和目标是一体的,什么样的衡量标准要求什么样的决策.本文以教学改革体制强调教学要“以人为本”的原则为出发点,从教学策略制定的原则--以问题为中心和注重学生体验两方面论述了教学策略影响形成性评估的开展和执行.同时,又从形成性评估的几个方面（宗旨、内容、标准、方法、主体及重心）的基础上,从形成性评估较之终结性评估的优越性和课程改革中形成性评估体制下教学策略的落实情况两方面论证了它对教学策略制定的制约.     

我国高等教育政府评估的困境与对策分析

计划经济时代的政府评估已不适应我国高等教育发展的需要,在市场经济条件下,为了促进高等教育的发展,必须采取措施完成从政府评估到中介组织评估的转变。     

视交叉与蝶鞍关系的临床解剖学研究

目的:研究视交叉的解剖特点,进而为垂体肿瘤切除手术提供解剖学依据.方法:在20例成年男性头部标本上,对视交叉进行观察与测量.结果:视交叉前缘与鞍结节相距4.42±1.17mm,视交叉前缘与交叉前沟相距7.0±1.1mm,视交叉与镰状韧带颅前窝附着处后缘相距10.7±1.02mm,视交叉宽度为10.6±1.2mm,在出视神经管、入颅处,两侧视神经内缘相距14.8±1.9mm.结论:视交叉的解剖关系是垂体瘤手术成功与否的关键.     

美国图书馆组织氛围测评的发展脉络及其启示

[目的/意义] 基于对美国图书馆组织氛围测评发展历程的分析,总结相关启示,为我国大规模开展图书馆组织氛围测评研究与实践提供参考。[方法/过程] 从图书馆组织氛围测评产生的驱动因素、测评应用的探索与实践、测评指标的形成与优化、测评的方法及流程等方面系统梳理美国图书馆组织氛围测评的发展脉络,分析其发展历程的特点。[结果/结论] 我国大规模开展图书馆组织氛围测评,应因地制宜,融会贯通,开发本土化测评量表;完善机制,鼓励参与,实施标准化测评模式;以评促管,评建结合,树立良好的测评文化。     

Monte Carlo法在含体积缺陷压力管道可靠性分析中的应用

工业生产装置中,压力管道是重要的组成部分.通常压力管道中存在着局部减薄,而且局部减薄尺寸等参数具有物理不确定性和统计不确定性,所以应该用可靠性来定量衡量其安全状况.依据GB/T 19624-2004计算模型进行蒙特卡罗模拟,计算局部减薄管道的可靠性.该计算方法使用方便,结果可靠.     

学科质量评价的属性识别法

高等学校学科建设是体现办学实力和办学特色的 基础性工作。因此，建立合理的学科质量评价体系，从 而对高校学科质量进行评价，对提高高校教学质量、科 研水平以及社会服务能力等方面具有重要意义。属性 识别理论已成功地应用于环境质量等多属性综合评价 领域，取得了较好的评     

Using Google Forms to track library space usage

This article is a response to the excellent “Using Mobile Technology to Observe Student Study Behaviors and Track Library Space Usage” by Susan Thompson. Thompson reviews the literature regarding user counts on mobile devices and describes the California State University San Marcos (CSUSM) Library's evaluation of SUMA, Counter+, and CloudOn. After trialing these mobile technologies, CSUSM selected CloudOn. At New York University Abu Dhabi, we use Google Forms to conduct user counts on an iPad and Google Sheets to evaluate these data. We find that Google Forms are easy to set up, modify as necessary, and present the data in easy-to-manipulate spreadsheets.     

Teaching Them to Teach: Programmatic Evaluation of Graduate Assistants’ Teaching Performance

Academic libraries are one of the most important sources of “on the job” training for future library instructors. Librarians who supervise and assess these future library instructors (often in graduate assistant positions) often choose to provide observations and feedback each semester to these instructors in training. Scholarly literature, however, provides little information on whether this system helps graduate assistants to develop as teachers. The authors of this article assessed graduate assistants’ performance as teachers over three semesters using a system of observation and self-assessment. They analyzed both patterns and areas of growth and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this system.     

学生评教中存在的问题及对策研究

学生评价教师课堂教学质量是实现教学质量自我监控的重要环节之一,有助于保证教育服务质量的稳步上升、学生的健康成长与教师教育水平的提高。但由于种种原因,学生评教时往往会出现评价目的不明、评价形式单一、评价内容片面等诸多问题。要真正实现学生评教的价值,必须对这些问题进行分析,并找出相应的解决方案。