Readers building fictional worlds: visual representations,poetry and cognition

This article explores the complex nature of the literature classroom by drawing on the cognitive linguistic framework Text World Theory to examine the teacher's role as facilitator and mediator of reading. Specifically, the article looks at how one teacher used visual representations as a way of allowing students to engage in a more personal and less teacher‐driven transaction with a poem and to encourage them to reflect on their own roles as active makers of meaning and knowledge in the classroom. The article shows how teachers can be mindful of the various contextual factors that can privilege and legitimise certain kinds of response in the classroom and be wary of external factors and pressures that can promote the idea of preconceived knowledge. The teacher in the case study presented was able to both facilitate the experience of reading poetry in an unmediated way and also develop her students' metacognition in relation to the reading process itself. The article shows how Text World Theory's status as a socio‐cognitive grammar may be of benefit to teachers in understanding the nature of communicative interaction and literary transaction.     

Making sense of education: sensory ethnography and visual impairment

Education involves the engagement of the full range of the senses in the accomplishment of tasks and the learning of knowledge and skills. However both in pedagogical practices and in the process of educational research, there has been a tendency to privilege the visual. To explore these issues, detailed sensory ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in further education colleges, investigating the experiences of visually impaired students who use their non-visual senses and embodied actions to achieve their learning. The study found that the full sensory schemas of the students were not always appreciated or accessed by tutors, resulting in lost learning opportunities. Whilst particularly relevant for visually impaired students, these findings have implications for pedagogy for all students. Further the study highlighted the significance of sensory ethnography as a tool to explore the processes of teaching and learning.     

追求卓越的教育沉思与言说——学习胡德海教授的《教育学原理》有感

胡德海先生是我国著名的教育学家。他是一位学养深厚、修养高远的学者,具有独特的学术造诣。先生不仅培养了许多优秀的学生,而且为教育理论的发展作出了重要贡献。先生在哲学的高度上反思和建构教育学原理的学科体系,提出了许多富有创见的思想,对我们的教育理论和教育实践研究有着重要的现实指导意义。     

教育现象学的观念

现象学的核心精神是意识现象学,教育现象学的核心精神为直觉教育学。人的最宝贵的元素是意向性,为了保护人的意向性,人需要悬隔杂念,守护自己的赤子之心。为了重新恢复人的直觉和相关的智慧,教育学需要有新的转向即现象学转向。教育现象学的使命是重新恢复人的智慧。智慧诞生于空灵的直觉而并不来自循序渐进的积累。不过,人仅仅只有发达的意向性仍然不够。发达的意向性可以成全诸种神童的出现,但神童的出现如果以身体的孱弱、与他人交往的无能作为代价,反不如节制人的直觉,限制人的意向性,让人展开非意向性的生活。     

教育的社会作用与教育科学的发展

长期以来,人们对教育学的学科地位和社会作用始终存在着争论。在当今知识经济时代,教育在促进社会进步和国力增强,以及人的全面成长方面发挥着重要的作用。指导教育实践的教育科学的发展同社会科学和人文科学的发展有机结合,产生积极的引领、互动和有效的合力,并在发展过程中更加注重对特殊群体和个体发展的研究,注重人在道德上、精神上、法律上的发展,加强宏观政策和发展战略研究,开拓形成新的主题、领域。     

An alternative model of researching educational practice: A pedagogic–stereoscopic point of view

While teachers and practitioners are increasingly expected to conduct research on their own practice, there is a lot of educational research that is not directly involved in practice. This often leads to unilateral research perspectives on educational practice. Therefore, this article calls for an alternative model of researching educational practice, summarised through the term ‘pedagogical science’. We argue that practical and normative theories that seek to improve educational practice should be combined with theories that aim to describe and explain. It is further argued that the combination of such perspectives and theories, a so-called stereoscopic point of view, can allow for a thorough and holistic investigation of educational practice. As part of this argumentation, the article addresses critical questions of various theoretical models of educational research, models that are being used in Scandinavian, European and Anglo-American research on educational practice. With reference to interdisciplinary models of educational research, such as educational sciences, learning sciences and Bildungswissenschaften, there are trends in which pedagogy is marginalised. Thus, the second argument of the article calls for placing pedagogy at the centre of knowledge production in a broad sense, after which pedagogy is made into a source of knowledge for pedagogical science, which sets forth to test and provide empirical support for pedagogy-based knowledge.     

Disconnect: Contradictions and Disagreements in Faculty Perspectives of Information Literacy

Broward College, an early adopter of Guided Pathways, has made efforts to incorporate information literacy throughout the curriculum by embedding librarians in pathways and through General Education learning outcomes. However, although college administrators and faculty acknowledge that the integration of information literacy instruction throughout the curriculum is crucial to student success, librarians have struggled to become true teaching partners. A survey was administered to discipline faculty to determine attitudes, perceptions, and a self-assessment of information literacy. This study includes a nuanced analysis of discipline faculty responses and reveals conflicting attitudes and behaviors related to information literacy instruction.     

Anatomical Sciences Education Vol. 4, Issue 6, 2011 Cover Image

Physical Therapy students at the College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota receive instruction at the cadaver during a second year musculoskeletal course. In this issue of ASE Dr. Krause and his colleagues from the Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy share their experience developing a clinical skills course in a human gross anatomy laboratory.     

Dissection videos do not improve anatomy examination scores

In this quasi-experimental study, we describe the effect of showing dissection videos on first-year medical students' performance in terms of test scores during a gross anatomy course. We also surveyed students' perception regarding the showing of dissection videos. Two hundred eighty-seven first-year medical students at Rawalpindi Medical College in Pakistan, divided into two groups, dissected one limb in first term and switched over to the other limb in the second term. During the second term, instruction was supplemented by dissection videos. Second-term anatomy examination marks were compared with first-term scores and with results from first-year medical students in previous years. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, with term scores (continuous, 0-200) as the dependent variable. Students shown dissection videos scored 1.26 marks higher than those not shown. The relationship was not statistically significant (95% CI: -1.11, 3.70; P = 0.314). Ninety-three percent of students favored regular inclusion of dissection videos in curriculum, and 50% termed it the best source for learning gross anatomy. Seventy-six percent of students did not perform regular cadaver dissection. The most frequent reason cited for not performing regular dissection was high student-cadaver ratio. Dissection videos did not improve performance on final examination scores; however, students favored their use.     

Pregnant students in the gross anatomy laboratory: policies and practices at chiropractic colleges

Chiropractic and medical colleges have experienced a significant increase in the number of female applicants in recent years, a percentage of whom are pregnant or become pregnant following admission. It is therefore important to ask the question: How do institutions that educate future health care providers address the issue of pregnancy and the gross anatomy laboratory? A survey instrument was developed and pretested. IRB approval was obtained. The administrators charged with overseeing the policies and practices for the gross anatomy laboratory at each of the 16 chiropractic colleges in the USA were identified and contacted. An email containing a link to the Web based survey was sent to each, using SurveyMonkey. The survey response rate was 100%. A majority of colleges (69%) have a written policy regarding pregnancy and the gross laboratory. Of these, 36% allow pregnant students to take the laboratory if a waiver is signed, 18% do not allow them to take the laboratory, 18% allow them to take it without a waiver, and 27% have other policies. In cases where students do not take the gross laboratory while pregnant, 64% of colleges require them to take the laboratory after completion of their pregnancy, 27% require them to complete an alternative (dry) laboratory, and 9% have other policies. Considerable diversity exists in the way colleges address this issue. It is at present unknown whether pregnant students or their fetuses are at any risk from laboratory chemicals. Risk assessment research is needed before consistent policies can be developed. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.