氧自由基代谢中微量元素的作用机制

对铜锌超氧化物歧化酶、锰超氧化物歧化酶和铁超氧化物歧化酶等三种金属蛋白酶的活性结构及酶蛋白中金属离子催化氧自由基的机理进行了综述。     

“和而不同”：古代和谐社会的深层理念

文章以阐释孔子“和而不同”思想之渊源为切入,剖析了儒家学说在促进实现人与人、人与社会、人与自然和谐发展以及社会政治共识与多元文化建构方面的人文理想,而古代社会系统对不同族群、不同文化、不同观念的相互吸收与融合,也正是建构相互宽容、相互依存、安定有序、共同发展的当代和谐社会的基本要求。     

日本随笔与中国现代散文的走向

本文重点探讨了日本随笔对于中国现代散文两条路径的影响，一是以周作人为代表的平和冲淡的美文走向，一是以鲁迅为代表的“匕首”“投枪”式的杂文体式。通过日本随笔对中国现代散文影响的考察，凸显了日本随笔在世界散文史上的地位。     

我国艺术立法原则和研究要点思考

艺术法不是一部单行法规，而是相关法规的总称。由于艺术的外延很大，其所涉及的社会关系也是多种多样，而不仅仅是有关版权的问题，因此，有必要从宏观上把握艺术发生过程中所涉及的一些重要关系。     

论古诗词中的"鸿雁"意象

意象是诗词意境的重要构成单位,在古诗词中有着特殊位置。意象既不是物本身,亦不是心自体,而是二者互孕共生的产物,是主观情意与客观物象的完美融合。"鸿雁"是中国古诗词中常见意象,作为客观物的鸿雁,经过诗人独特的人文体验与刻意营造,具有了丰富的意蕴。本文试从建构类型上将古诗词中的"鸿雁"意象进行分类,并分析探讨其各自蕴含的丰富寓意。     

The influence of heterogeneous exposure and pre-deliberation queries on pretrial publicity effects

Prior research on pretrial publicity has produced mixed results and a roughly equal number of studies show an effect, show no effect, or show mixed results. We explored the effects of (a) homogenous vs. heterogeneous exposure (whether deliberating jurors were all exposed to the same publicity or not) and (b) pre-deliberation queries as potential contributors to mixed results. We found an effect for positive but not negative publicity on conviction rates but not evidence ratings. Exposure heterogeneity appears to explain these differences and pre-deliberation queries did appear to play some role in the obtained outcomes. Overall these findings do not replicate a robust publicity effect and future research should consider how homogeneous exposure and pre-deliberation opinion queries influence results.     

新课程标准与小学古诗教学

小学语文新课程标准的颁布和语文教学理论研究的发展,要求古诗教学体现其新理念和新方法,从具体感知、激活想象、触发情感等三方面入手,正确把握语文教学乃至古诗教学的特点.     

华夏文明与河南古代文学

河南是中华民族的摇篮,是中华文明的发祥地。河南古代文学表现的基本精神,也构成了中国文学的基本精神,即：“大一统”思想指导下的爱国主义精神;建立在“民为邦本”基础上的同情人民疾苦的思想;以追求完美为前提的忧患意识。如果从整个中国文学发展的大背景下来观察河南文学,可以明显地看出,以赵宋王朝的建立为界,前后可分为两个大的历史阶段。在前一阶段中,河南文学的发展与全国文学的发展是同步前进的,其主要形式是诗、文,主要内容是抒情与明理。在后一阶段中,河南文学的发展与全国文学的发展是不同步的。在这个阶段中,全国文学的发展趋势是以小说、戏曲为代表的叙事文学逐渐占据主流位置,传统的诗、文降居次要地位。而河南文学的发展却表现出明显的滞后倾向,以至于逐渐走向衰落。     

Neuromuscular and technical abilities related to age in water-polo players

Testing is one of the important tasks in any multi-step sport programme. In most ball games, coaches assess motor, physical and technical skills on a regular basis in early stages of talent identification in order to further athletes’ development. The purpose of the study was to investigate anthropometric variables and vertical jump heights as a free throw effectiveness predictor in water-polo players of different age groups. Two hundred and thirty-six young (10–18 years) male water-polo players partitioned into three age groups underwent anthropometric variables’ measures and squat- and countermovement-jump tests, and performed water-polo free throws. Anthropometric variables, vertical jump heights and throw speed – as a proxy for free throw effectiveness – resulted different over age groups. Particularly, throw speed changed from 9.28 to 13.70 m · s^?1 (+48%) from younger to older players. A multiple-regression model indicated that body height, squat-jump height and throw time together explain 52% of variance of throw speed. In conclusion, tall height, high lower limb power and throwing quickness appeared to be relevant determinants for effective free throws. Such indications can help coaches during talent identification and development processes, even by means of novel training strategies. Further research is needed over different maturity statuses.     

A topography of free kicks in soccer

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the spatial relationship of performance variables for soccer free kicks. In order to suggest ways in which players might optimise their performance, we collected data from free kicks (<35 m to goal line) of two German Bundesliga seasons (2013/14, 2014/15) (n = 1624). In the analysis, we applied the ISO-map approach using colour gradients to visualise the mean values of a variable on a 2D-map of the pitch. Additionally, variograms were used to describe the degree of spatial dependence of the free kick variables. Results show that DENSITY, TYPE OF PLAY, PLAYERS IN WALL, DISTANCE TO WALL and RULE VIOLATION were strongly spatially dependent. Centrality and proximity to the goal increased the variables PLAYERS IN WALL, RULE VIOLATIONS and INTERRUPTION TIME, and the ratio of goals scored increased from 5.9% (central far) to 10.9% (central near). In 70.9% of the shots, players preferred a switched laterality, which did not result in a higher success rate. Furthermore, there was no statistical advantage for the defensive team when DISTANCE TO WALL was below 9.15 m or when there was a RULE VIOLATION. Crosses had a success rate (i.e., first controlled ball contact after the cross) of 20.8%. Played with natural laterality, they were 5% more successful than with switched laterality. Crosses from the right side outside the penalty box were 10% more successful than from the left side. Therefore, it might be worthwhile practising the defence of balls coming from this side.