从十二生肖中看中西文化对比及翻译策略

中西文化在许多方面都存在着差异,这些差异容易导致理解、翻译的过程中的误会,本文拟从动物的角度,即从十二生肖这十二种动物着手探讨中西文化间差异,比较在同类意思时中西方各采用的不同的喻体,以此认识在翻译这类喻体的过程中应注意的事项。     

中国民间社会的动物观念

人类与动物相处的关系模式很多,人类的日常生活、精神生活以及生产劳作等少不了动物。在这诸多的联系中,人类对动物的一个主要方面就是爱护,这表现在以下五个方面：视动物和人的生命为一、珍视动物的特异禀赋、平等看待动物的境遇和情感、爱养家畜、反对虐待动物等等。     

关于动物保护的法律思考

近年来对动物保护的呼声日趋高涨。西方有思想家认为,生物圈中所有事物都应该拥有生存繁荣和自我实现的平等权利。我国则有学者提出赋予动物权利主体的地位。笔者不赞同“动物主体论”主张,并从环境伦理学、民法的基本理念、欧盟国家动物保护的立法、我国动物保护的立法现状与思考等四方面展开对动物保护的法律思考。     

从一枚环状乳画纹带神兽镜中看东王公、西王母、黄帝及伯牙的形象

在江南出土众多各种型制的神兽镜中，往往有东王公、西王母、黄帝及俞伯牙的神人形象，由于塑造镜模的匠师众多，使得以上四位神人的形象各有差异，造成许多神兽镜纹饰中的这四位主神不易辨认。该文通过对鄂州出土的东汉时期环状乳画纹带神兽镜上的东王公、西王母、黄帝及俞伯牙四位神人形象的认定，从而找出与其有规律的形象特征，使得在辨认神兽镜背纹中塑造的四位神人时有规律可循。     

Relational identities and intergenerational learning in an undergraduate critical food studies course

Abstract

Environmental education (EE) scholars view intergenerational learning as a means to influence adult understandings of and relationships with the environment. Yet EE researchers have studied intergenerational learning in a limited fashion, with no emphasis on its role in higher education. The purpose of this article is to use feminist posthumanist theories to broadly explore intergenerational learning in critical food studies courses taught at the university level. We rely primarily on student coursework and post-course interviews as data sources that convey student perceptions of interactions with their families and the natural world, demonstrating how students develop relational identities shaped by personal experience as well as experiences in the course. To conclude, we discuss both the limitations and implications of this research for the field of EE.     

How to sustainably increase students’ willingness to protect pollinators

The current loss of biodiversity requires efforts to increase awareness of pollinator conservation. An important tool is education which often uses the honeybee (Apis mellifera) as an exemplary organism to reach this goal. Any successful module needs to focus on reducing the perceived danger associated with fear, in order to support the willingness to protect them. Using a quasi-experimental design, we investigated the effectiveness of two educational approaches: one by authentically encountering living animals at a beehive, the other by using a remote online beehive. We monitored secondary school students’ (N = 354) perception of bees with respect to interest, danger and conservation as well as situational emotions (interest, well-being, boredom) during both interventions. In both cases positive effects on perception levels were observed, even when already a high willingness to protect bees existed. Using living animals in educational settings is crucial, especially when students’ situational emotions need targeting. However, we achieved similar intervention results in perception levels using a remote beehive, which therefore constitutes an excellent alternative to raise awareness of the conservation of bees as pollinators when working with living organisms is not possible.     

鹰人自然——从《鹰之栖息》看泰德休斯的动物诗歌创作

英国桂冠诗人泰德.休斯以笔下猛禽凶兽的动物诗著称。他的动物诗歌创作笔触锋利,基调沉郁,形成其独特的粗犷与细腻相结合的风格。休斯的代表作《鹰之栖息》通过对一系列动物的特殊形象的描写,旨在引发人们对动物、人与自然关系的深入思考。他凭着诗人敏锐的洞察力,清醒地认识到现代工业文明所产生的影响人类自身生存的潜在危机,并为人类的发展及其未来感到深深的忧虑,对陷入窘境的人与自然关系进行了深刻的思考。他将批判的矛头直指“人类中心主义”;他希望通过一系列动物诗歌创作来歌颂他所崇尚的自然界,告诫人们要尊重自然、保护自然,警醒人们应该为构建和谐的人与自然的关系而努力。     

Red in Tooth and Claw? Images of Nature in Modern Picture Books

This article questions whether the mediated experience provided by picture books contributes toward or hinders a realistic and appropriate appreciation of the natural world. Based on an examination of 1,074 books, it argues that picture book makers typically transform and domesticate animals and their habitats in ways that provide readers with highly misleading images and impressions. The article examines a few exceptional books that give an accurate and sensitive account of the animal kingdom and the natural environment, and argues that many more are needed.     

上海两爬类药用动物资源现状与利用研究

本文介绍了上海市7种药用两栖动物、19种药用爬行动物的分布、药用价值、资源现状,并对其保护和利用进行了有益的探讨。上海市不少两爬类药用动物资源已十分稀少,应加强保护、规范管理,更合理地利用两爬类药用动物资源。     

WTO与中国实验动物福利保护制度的建设

基于环境保护和维护公共道德的考虑，WTO把与动物贸易有关的动物福利保护纳入了其规则体系。动物福利保护规则对WTO各成员的实验动物福利保护法律制度建设产生了一些影响。在对中国实验动物福利保护制度建设的必要性、建设的理论与现实基础进行全面分析的基础上，文章对建设的基本要求和基本措施进行了分析和探讨。