Negation recognition in medical narrative reports

Substantial medical data, such as discharge summaries and operative reports are stored in electronic textual form. Databases containing free-text clinical narratives reports often need to be retrieved to find relevant information for clinical and research purposes. The context of negation, a negative finding, is of special importance, since many of the most frequently described findings are such. When searching free-text narratives for patients with a certain medical condition, if negation is not taken into account, many of the documents retrieved will be irrelevant. Hence, negation is a major source of poor precision in medical information retrieval systems. Previous research has shown that negated findings may be difficult to identify if the words implying negations (negation signals) are more than a few words away from them. We present a new pattern learning method for automatic identification of negative context in clinical narratives reports. We compare the new algorithm to previous methods proposed for the same task, and show its advantages: accuracy improvement compared to other machine learning methods, and much faster than manual knowledge engineering techniques with matching accuracy. The new algorithm can be applied also to further context identification and information extraction tasks.

广播新闻的衔接策略分析

基于韩礼德的衔接理论,试图通过对《晚报浏览》节目中的新闻加以研究,从中找出新闻之间的衔接策略,以便对新闻语篇作出更加客观和科学的分析。     

Learning under conditions of hierarchy and discipline: the case of the German Army, 1939–1940

To survive in and adapt to dynamic, turbulent, and complex environments, organizations need to engage in learning. This truism is particularly relevant for army organizations in times of war and armed conflict. In this article a case of army operations during World War II is analyzed on the basis of ?rtenblad’s integrated model of the learning organization and Argyris and Schön’s theory of action approach. Among others, it is found that survival of and adaptation to combat conditions is possible through single-loop learning, provided that this learning takes place in an open and productive learning climate. This and other conclusions have important implications for theory and practice of organizational learning under conditions of hierarchy and discipline.     

找个好理由——从教学现场看“好诗”

论文透过现代诗的教学经验,了解学生对诗的喜好,并由此思考什么是＂好诗＂。依据学生对白灵主编《九十一年诗选》的讨论稿以及本人＂现代女诗人作品选＂的课程响应,可知学生喜爱的作品有四个特点：一,文字浅显可读,简洁顺畅,较易吸引学生阅读;二,题材、主题可亲近,较易引起经验上的共鸣;三,以抒情为主,表达亲情或爱情的作品,学生最易进入诗境;四,具有象征性、思考性的诗,可以让不喜风花雪月的学生,从知性的角度去欣赏诗。     

上市公司实行年报补丁制度利弊分析

年报补丁是我国上市公司信息披露的重要特征之一,也是我国证券市场的一个普遍现象。本文分析了上市公司实行年报补丁制度对有关各方的利弊,提出了相关的建议。     

130年前的民生新闻——《申报》的市井新闻

“民生新闻”作为新闻学的一个新名词始于2002年,而事实上的民生新闻早在130年前就已经出现,即《申报》的市井新闻。《申报》作为中国最早也是影响最广的市民报纸,一直以关注百姓生活为己任,其市井新闻也是今日民生新闻之鼻祖。对《申报》市井新闻的梳理以及对《申报》市井新闻与当时上海社会的关系的分析有助于加深人们对当下民生新闻的思考和创新。     

新旧企业会计准则——基本准则的比较分析

2006年2月15日,财政部颁布了新的基本会计准则,要求上市公司从2007年1月1日起实施,同时鼓励其他企业执行。新的基本会计准则对旧基本会计准则中规范会计核算工作的部分作了删减,将它们放到相关的具体会计准则中去规范,同时引入了一些新的概念,增加了会计计量一章,其中公允价值计量属性的引入成为本次改革最大的亮点。按照新基本会计准则的顺序,对新旧基本会计准则进行了对比,并在此基础上进行了深刻的分析,力求加深我们对新会计准则的理解。随着改革开放的不断深入,经济全球化的迅速发展,新基本会计准则既吸收了旧基本会计准则的精华部分,又借鉴了国际会计准则的先进经验,将有利于维护我国的经济秩序,进一步推进我国社会主义市场经济的发展。     

Variability in children’s early reading strategies

The present study examines the development of sight word reading in young children by examining changes in their self‐reported reading strategies over time. A sample of 65 five to seven year olds were asked to read 40 real word items, all carefully matched for letter length and word frequency, on three separate occasions. Changes in the children’s word identifications were measured using immediately retrospective verbal self‐reports. Overall, the results showed some variability in the children’s self‐reported reading strategies. Over time the children relied less on phonological strategies and moved towards reliance on directly retrieving words from memory. This change was most evident in the older children; while both year groups showed similar patterns of shifting reliance from explicit phonological strategies to retrieval, this shift was simply less frequent among the younger children. An analysis of word‐specific changes in reading strategies showed that the older children had a better sight vocabulary for more complex word items. These findings provide further support for Ehri’s mediated phase theory in explaining children’s development in learning to read.     

从报道中国人权问题看英国传媒的政见表达手法

尽管近年来在国际格局多极化建构过程中,中英两国的外交关系有所发展,但英国报界对于中国人权问题的态度,与上世纪相比较,变化甚微。在2005年11月国家主席胡锦涛出访英、德、西三国之际,英报刊的报道明显出现了与本国政府言论不同的论调,严重损害了中国的国家形象。作者将英国报纸的立场和我国’全球传播的现状作了比较,并提出建设性的意见。     

财务分析报告容易出现的五个问题

财务会计人员在撰写财务分析报告时容易出现五大问题:一是与企业管理脱节,二是与实际业务脱节,三是与企业整体脱节,四是与动态发展脱节,五是与营销策略脱节。