基于小波包降噪的地磁场干扰数据分析

针对在港口消磁站附近港口日常作业时产生的磁场干扰以及地球地磁日变对港口消磁站的磁场测量造成严重干扰的现象,采用基于小波包降噪的办法进行干扰抑制处理.该办法通过对干扰源进行分析及实验模拟,得出磁场干扰的原因及特征.通过实际磁场测量数据分析,得出消磁站附近港口日常作业时产生的磁场干扰对地磁场Z分量造成的影响.采用小波包降噪算法,通过小波包基变化,重构受干扰磁场数据,进行干扰抑制处理.处理结果表明,此方法能够有效抑制干扰,对提高港口消磁站磁场测量的准确性有积极意义.     

Effect of chainring ovality on joint power during cycling at different workloads and cadences

Non-circular chainrings theoretically enhance cycling performance by increasing effective chainring diameter and varying crank velocity, but research has failed to consistently reproduce the benefits in cycling trials. The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the effect of different chainring shapes on sagittal knee joint moment and sagittal lower limb joint powers and (2) to investigate whether alterations are affected by cadence and workload. Fourteen elite cyclists cycled in six conditions (70, 90 and 110 rpm, each at 180 and 300 W), for 2 min each, using three chainrings of different ovalities (1.0–1.215). Kinematic data and pedal forces were collected. For most conditions, only the chainring with the highest ovality (1.215) was characterised by smaller sagittal knee joint moments, smaller relative sagittal knee joint power contribution and larger relative sagittal hip joint power contribution, which suggests a change from maximising efficiency to maximising power production. Effect sizes increased with higher cadences, but not with higher workload. This study has application for athletes, clinicians and sports equipment industry as a non-circular chainring can change joint-specific power generation and decrease knee joint moment, but certain ovality seems to be necessary to provoke this effect.     

Comparison of support leg kinetics between side-step and cross-step cutting techniques

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the support leg joint moment and moment power between side-step (SS) and cross-step (CS) cutting techniques with a prescribed 90° cutting angle. Ground reaction forces (1,000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) of SS and CS cutting techniques were collected from 20 male college athletes. Normalised peak knee extension moment was larger in the SS technique than in the CS technique (0.40 ± 0.10 in SS; 0.26 ± 0.08 in CS). In the SS technique, the knee extensors ( ? 0.10 ± 0.06 in SS; ? 0.02 ± 0.04 in CS) and ankle plantarflexors ( ? 0.12 ± 0.05 in SS; ? 0.07 ± 0.03 in CS) did significantly more negative work (normalised). The direction change angle (40.5 ± 8.7° in SS; 33.0 ± 6.8° in CS) and the decrease in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass ( ? 0.63 ± 0.23 m/s in SS; ? 0.31 ± 0.23 m/s in CS) were significantly larger in the SS technique. These results suggest that the SS technique is an effective means of changing running direction at the expense of velocity of the centre of mass and that the CS technique is better for minimising the reduction in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass.     

Anticipatory postural adjustments during cutting manoeuvres in football and their consequences for knee injury risk

Abstract

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), i.e. preparatory positioning of the head, the trunk and the foot, are essential to initiate cutting manoeuvres during football games. The aim of the present study was to determine how APA strategies during cutting manoeuvres are influenced by a reduction of the time available to prepare the movement.

Thirteen football players performed different cutting tasks, with directions of cutting either known prior to the task or indicated by a light signal occurring 850, 600 or 500 ms before ground contact.

With less time available to prepare the cutting manoeuvre, the head was less orientated towards the cutting direction (P = 0.033) and the trunk was even more rotated in the opposite direction (P = 0.002), while the foot placement was not significantly influenced. Moreover, the induced higher lateral trunk flexion correlated with the increased knee abduction moment (r = 0.41; P = 0.009).

Increasing lateral trunk flexion is the main strategy used to successfully perform a cutting manoeuvre when less time is available to prepare the movement. However, higher lateral trunk flexion was associated with an increased knee abduction moment and therefore an increased knee injury risk. Reducing lateral trunk flexion during cutting manoeuvres should be part of training programs seeking the optimisation of APAs.     

浅析现代足球运动中抢断球技术的运用

以我国甲A球队上海申花队和17届世界杯中的部分比赛为研究对象，采用录象观察法和理论分析法，对当今民办足球比赛中抢断球技术的运用进行分析研究，结果表明：抢断的成功率，主要取决于场上的队员能否把握住抢断的时机。     

The Sun’s mysteries from space — II

In the concluding part of our article we discuss problems of coronal heating and coronal holes and solar winds.     

Applications of augmented reality-based natural interactive learning in magnetic field instruction

Educators must address several challenges inherent to the instruction of scientific disciplines such as physics -- expensive or insufficient laboratory equipment, equipment error, difficulty in simulating certain experimental conditions. Augmented reality (AR) can be a promising approach to address these challenges. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of an AR and motion-sensing learning technology that teaches magnetic fields in a junior high school physics course. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of using natural interaction on students’ physics learning and deep understanding compared to traditional learning tools. The 38 eighth graders who participated in this study were assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Analysis of the results shows that the AR-based motion-sensing software can improve students’ learning attitude and learning outcome. This study provides a case for the application of AR technology in secondary physics education.     

核磁共振永磁体无源匀场的神经网络方法

针对核磁共振永磁体的磁场传统匀场方法难度大，经验依赖程度高的情况，提出了人工神经网络应用于磁场匀场的手段。通过基于Matlab的神经网络设计，建立了一个匀场的BP网络模型。由于在磁体的不同的均匀度条件下匀场的方法不同，所以该网络由两个子网络组成----粗调网络和精调网络，并分别对其进行训练。该模型建立之后，可以快速、准确地匀场，使无源匀场不再盲目得进行多次尝试，一次就能使判断准确。通过人工神经网络方法匀场的磁体，均匀度高，满足了核磁共振岩心分析仪的匀场环境。     

基于边信息抗仿射变换的数字图像水印算法

设计抗几何攻击的图像水印算法是数字水印技术研究中的难点。仿射变换是典型的几何攻击，能够使目前大多数数字水印算法失效。基于带边信息的水印模型，本文提出了一种利用Zernike矩的抗仿射变换多比特图像水印算法。该算法将归一化图像的Zernike矩作为边信息，利用量化技术对的水印信息进行编码和嵌入。实验证明，本文提出的算法不仅具有很好的抗仿射变换和抗JPEG压缩的鲁棒性，而且具有较小的嵌入失真和较大的水印容量。     

矩形管柱和H形钢梁端板连接分析

高频焊接矩形管生产效率高,抗扭性能好,平面外刚度大,根据需要内部可充填混凝土以提高抵抗局部屈曲的能力,比焊接H型钢的轻钢厂房有更好的经济性。为提高梁柱连接节点的承载力、减小节点变形,需在节点区外包槽钢。本文分析了节点区不同厚度、不同形式外包槽钢和不同的柱内加劲肋设置等对节点强度和刚度的影响,得出了满足刚性连接要求的节点区外包槽钢厚度计算公式。研究了柱加劲肋、螺栓排列、螺栓数目、槽钢宽度和槽钢下伸长度等的影响。建议了箱形柱柱顶与梁上翼缘齐平,槽钢与梁端板等厚,槽钢向上伸出长度以满足安装一排高强螺栓的要求,并设置三角形加劲肋与柱顶盖板和槽钢焊接,箱形柱顶和槽钢内面满焊的节点形式。分析表明这种节点有很高的刚度和强度,能满足刚性连接的要求。