从多元异构走向融合归一 ——图情档新文科建设的趋向评析

[目的/意义]本研究旨在对新文科建设背景下图情档学科和专业发展的主要趋向进行评析。[方法/过程]本研究基于对2020年度发表的图情档新文科建设相关研究文献的梳理,立足于社会认识层次论,对图情档新文科建设的内在逻辑进行了理论解析,并解读了新文科建设背景下的图情档学科建设、专业发展和课程模块。[结果/结论]研究发现,图情档新文科建设的基本趋向是:积极对接数据科学、数字人文,进一步培养从业者在文化服务中的人文情怀,扩大对数字记忆工程的参与度,提升对传统文化资源保存、组织与研究的力度。     

从认识论到知识学——哈贝马斯对实证主义认识论及其科学观的批判

哈贝马斯认为,自近代以来认识论的发展是实证主义的知识学取代认识论。认识论从事于认识的批判,解答认识可能性问题,而实证主义知识学则局限于经验科学的方法论,将知识与科学等同起来,取消了认识的主体在认识中的地位和作用,从而陷入了唯科学主义和虚假的客观主义。哈贝马斯从认识对自身的反思入手,揭示了认识与兴趣的关系,批判了实证主义的认识论及其科学观,为奠定社会批判理论的认识论基础扫清了道路。     

Wittgenstein's ‘Relativity’: Training in language‐games and agreement in Forms of Life

Taking Wittgenstein's love of music as my impetus, I approach aporetic problems of epistemic relativity through a round of three overlapping (canonical) inquiries delivered in contrapuntal (higher and lower) registers. I first take up the question of scepticism surrounding ‘groundless knowledge’ and contending paradigms in On Certainty (physics versus oracular divination, or realism versus idealism) with attention given to the role of ‘bedrock’ certainties in providing stability amidst the Heraclitean flux. I then look into the formation of sedimented bedrock knowledge, or practices of knowing, by comparing Wittgenstein's remarks on animal habituation and initiate training into human forms of life. In the latter case, mastery of techniques—our common education—secures agreement in judgment. Finally, I entertain Wittgenstein's obscure references to Einstein's Relativity in Zettel, showing initiate training as a way of ‘setting the clocks’ with variable degrees of certainty, relative to the language‐games played. Together, these three approaches help us to stop the ‘endless circling’ when philosophers try to address knowledge questions through the logic of object and designation, or verification of correspondence between propositions and things. Instead, attention moves to the way we educate our children and how we employ agreements and bedrock certainties in practices.     

运动训练设计思想中的方法论

当前运动训练实践中存在的重要问题之一，是有的教练员与科研人员尚缺乏熟练运用唯物辩证法指导运动训练设计与服务的能力。采用文献资料法、逻辑思维法等方法，较系统地阐述了运动训练设计思想中的相关哲学原理与生理基础，论述了运动训练关于对立统一、质量互变和否定之否定等基本规律的哲学思辩。     

The Poverty of Constructivism

Constructivism claims to be a postepistemology that replaces 'traditional' concepts of knowledge. Supporters of constructivism have argued that progress requires that pre-service teachers be weaned off traditional approaches and that they should adopt constructivist views of knowledge. Constructivism appears to be gaining ground rapidly and should no longer be viewed as an exercise in radical thinking primarily aimed at generating innovative teaching. It has become an integral part of the pedagogic mainstream. Close examination of the theoretical foundations of constructivism, however, reveals that the basic assumptions of constructivism are flawed. Far from being a postepistemology, constructivism simply regresses to a pre-Renaissance mindset with theology replaced with a psychologism. Constructivists should be aware that the implications of constructivism for future generations may be both profound and non-benign.     

The Philosophy of Sport

Philosophy as a discipline is typically characterized through the use of rigorous argument and analysis, and the clarification of the meaning of concepts. Philosophical problems are thus resolved, not through the appeal to empirical evidence, but by identifying inconsistent and confusing patterns of thought and reflection. This paper will clarify the nature of a philosophical methodology by explicating the relationship between the philosophy of sport and the core traditional areas of philosophy, metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and logic.     

道德悖论现象之“恶”及其认识论意义

道德悖论现象之"恶"不同于道德谴责公认之恶,也不同于"人必有私"的人的"自然本性",多具有"说不清道不明"的特征,当人们视"恶"为恶时多处于"见仁见智"的认知状态。"恶"蕴含着促进社会与人的道德进步的逻辑张力,对于伦理学理论好道德建设的创新好发展具有重要的认识论意义,在社会处于变革时期尤其是这样。     

“三要素”：逻辑悖论研究的历史性界标--张建军教授逻辑悖论研究思想探赜

张建军教授析出的逻辑悖论“三要素”,即“公认正确的背景知识”“严密无误的逻辑推导”和“可以建立矛盾等价式”,为澄清逻辑悖论的本质认识及其基本结构奠定了基础。“三要素”内在地包含了分析逻辑悖论的基本方法,解决逻辑悖论的基本路向,以及解决逻辑悖论的一般评准,为充分发挥逻辑悖论研究的方法论功能与认识论价值奠定了基础。“三要素”在逻辑悖论研究的历程中具有历史性界标意义。     

从奎因到索萨——论自然化知识论的德性转向

奎因把知识论视为心理学的一章,即一门单纯的描述性学科。普特南、戴维森和罗蒂对这条自然化道路进行了深刻反思,逐渐形成一种逃离自然主义的趋势,试图恢复知识论的规范维度。然而,直至索萨提出德性知识论之后才发展出一种较为系统的解释框架,它以理智德性和认知视角为核心,能够兼顾知识论的规范性和描述性这两个维度。德性知识论是化解传统知识论与自然科学这场遭遇战的一条可能路径。     

从噩梦中歌吟到阳光下舞蹈--论余华的小说

本文以余华对文学的本体论和认识论理解为基础分析了余华前期先锋小说和90年代转型后的小说，并探讨了它们形成的原因。最后指出了余华的文学史意义和地位。