论世界观在人的素质中的地位和作用

世界观问题在人的素质中占有特殊地位 ,其主要功能表现在认识论、方法论和价值观等方面 ,一个人的世界观如何 ,对其整体素质的形成和发挥 ,有着至关重要的影响。因此 ,在素质教育中 ,必须要加强科学世界观的教育和普及 ,这在当前国内外深刻变革时期 ,显得尤为迫切     

Early childhood teachers' views of nature of science: The influence of intellectual levels,cultural values,and explicit reflective teaching

This study tracked the influence of explicit reflective instructional methods on cultural values, ethical and intellectual development, and the relationship of these with preservice teachers' views of nature of science (NOS). The researchers used the Views of Nature of Science Form B (VNOS B) to describe NOS views, the Learning Context Questionnaire (LCQ) to classify preservice teachers' ethical and intellectual positions using Perry's scheme, and the Schwartz Values Inventory (SVI) to measure preservice teachers' cultural values. The interventions took place in two concurrent courses: a science methods course, and a foundations of early childhood course. The science methods course explicitly emphasized NOS throughout the semester, and the foundations of early childhood course reinforced these ideas through cultural activities that stressed empirical evidence. Analysis of data showed relationships between preservice teachers' Perry positions and responses on the VNOS B with those at higher positions exhibiting more informed NOS views. Relationships between preservice teachers' NOS views and their cultural values were identified, such as those at the dualism position holding achievement more highly for scientists than those at other Perry positions. The values preservice teachers held personally were different from those they held as important for scientists. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 748–770, 2008     

主体性纬度的回归——网络社会探讨的一种可能路向

时下，网络社会已经形成一种新型社会形态或文化，学术界对它的研究主要是从社会学层面入手的。这类研究只从积极、消极方面关注网络对人的影响，而很少关注人对网络社会的反作用。如果采用人类学的思维方式，回归马克思研究社会形态所注重的主体性纬度来探讨网络社会问题，可以克服目前研究的缺陷。     

Topic variability and criteria in interpretational history teaching

This paper studies the teacher perceived applicability of historical topics for interpretational history teaching and the criteria teachers use to evaluate this applicability. For this study, 15 expert history teachers in the Netherlands striving for interpretational history teaching were purposefully selected. Teachers were asked to mention historical topics using a ranking task technique to rank topics in order of applicability and to elaborate on how the topics were ranked. The results showed a large variation in perceived applicability among topics, both within and between teachers. Eight different topic-applicability criteria were discerned in the teachers’ elaborations: (1) topic knowledge; (2) topic affinity; (3) topic constructedness; (4) topic deconstructability; (5) topic abstractedness; (6) topic sensitivity; (7) topic materials; and (8) topic inclusion in the history curriculum. We found that teachers tended to judge topics as applicable for interpretational history teaching partly depending on the degree of ‘canonised interpretativity’ in lesson materials and the curriculum, and to the degree to which they belonged to ‘cold’ (morally neutral) or ‘hot’ (morally sensitive) history. A theoretical implication of the findings is that interpretational history teaching is topic-dependent. Teachers can be supported to teach history as interpretation by structured pedagogies.     

A Fresh Theoretical Perspective on Practice‐Led Research

Practice‐led research in art and design has now come of age and can take its place alongside other forms of research at the academic ‘high table’. It no longer needs to be treated with ‘special consideration’ as a new form of intellectual enquiry. The research craft developed by those involved in practice‐led research admits them to a broader community of practice engaged in questioning the conceptual basis of how we perceive and make sense of the world around us. The objective/subjective divide that preoccupied an earlier generation of academics has eventually been replaced by a more nuanced epistemological framework able to embrace PhDs that include non‐textual artefacts as part of their exposition. An increasing number of academic institutions around the world have taken up the debate and now participate in practice‐led research programmes. However, for early‐career researchers in these fields there are still many hurdles to overcome, some of which are unique to this form of endeavour, as we outline. This article has been developed from a series of seminars and workshops presented by the authors to early‐career practice‐led researchers as part of their Project Dialogue programme which seeks greater engagement between the arts and sciences.     

Ethical issues of online communication research

The paper addresses severalethical issues in online communication researchin light of digital ontology as well as theepistemological questions raised by theblurring boundary between fact and theory inthis field. The concept of ontology is used ina Heideggerian sense as related to the humancapacity of world construction on the basis ofthe givenness of our being-in-the-world.Ethical dilemmas of Internet research thusarise from the tension between bodily existenceand the proper object of research, i.e., onlineexistence. The following issues are beingconsidered: online identity, online language,online consent and confidentiality. We alsoargue that research ethics in the US followsthe utilitarian tradition, while Europeanresearchers are deontologically oriented. Aguideline of best practice in online researchethics is proposed.     

“花腰彝”祭龙仪式的人类学意义阐释

从人类学的角度看,＂花腰彝＂祭龙仪式承载了＂花腰彝＂民众的精神信仰和理想寄托,蕴含着彝族文化的诸多要义,同时也融入了他们在不同的历史阶段对现实生活的理性思考与阐释。     

领域分析范式视角下知识组织中若干问题研究

从领域分析范式的视角研究知识组织的若干基本理论问题,包括主题分析、分类法、语义关系和知识组织的基本原则等。对国外该方面研究的最新进展进行述评,并从情报学学科整体建设出发阐述领域分析范式的作用与意义。     

如何设计“以学习为中心”的学习空间?——以小学阶段为例

设计"以学习为中心"的学习空间,是推动教学结构向学习结构转型的基础。针对当前学习空间设计研究缺乏学理依据、实践操作性不强、"以学习为中心"难以体现的问题,文章以发生认识论为学理基础,首先指出教育工作者应以学段和认知层次设计学习空间;随后,文章从发生认识论和学习空间的交界点学习活动切入,构建了发生认识论视角下的学习空间设计模型;最后,文章以小学阶段为例提出了学习空间设计方案,即从第一学段(1~3年级)到第二学段(4~6年级),物理场所需从逼真逐步走向深刻,虚拟场所需从体现趣味转为注重关联,工具性客体需从易理解操作转为促进抽象认知,而对象性客体需从重直观发展为关注抽象。文章期望能够推进教育领域设计遵循教育规律的学习空间,以响应我国教育新型基础设施建设战略要求。     

我国学前教育研究方法的现状分析

本文以涉及学前教育研究方法探讨的学术著作和相关期刊为研究对象,发现近20年来学前教育研究方法取得了令人瞩目的成就,但在实际运用和理论研究方面都还存在着一些值得我们重视的问题。