Enhancement of anatomical learning and developing clinical competence of first‐year medical and allied health profession students

Hands‐on educational experiences can stimulate student interest, increase knowledge retention, and enhance development of clinical skills. The Lachman test, used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), is commonly performed by health care professionals and is relatively easy to teach to first‐year health profession students. This study integrated teaching the Lachman test into a first‐year anatomy laboratory and examined if students receiving the training would be more confident, competent, and if the training would enhance anatomical learning. First‐year medical, physician assistant and physical therapy students were randomly assigned into either the intervention (Group A) or control group (Group B). Both groups received the course lecture on knee anatomy and training on how to perform the Lachman test during a surface anatomy class. Group A received an additional 15 minutes hands‐on training for the Lachman test utilizing a lightly embalmed cadaver as a simulated patient. One week later, both groups performed the Lachman test on a lightly embalmed cadaver and later completed a post‐test and survey. Students with hands‐on training performed significantly better than students with lecture‐only training in completing the checklist, a post‐test, and correctly diagnosing an ACL tear. Students in Group A also reported being more confident after hands‐on training compared to students receiving lecture‐only training. Both groups reported that incorporating clinical skill activities facilitated learning and created excitement for learning. Hands‐on training using lightly embalmed cadavers as patient simulators increased confidence and competence in performing the Lachman test and aided in learning anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 7: 181–190. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

中国交通发展的能源消费与对策研究

本文通过建立能源消费分解模型,对1980-2001年交通能耗的因子贡献进行了测算。结果表明,服务量的增长是能源消费增长的主要驱动力,同时运输结构的变化加剧了这种增长,过去实现的能耗强度降低不足以抑制能源消费的增加,而近年来能耗强度更显示出增加的趋势,交通石油消费增长趋势不可避免。需要综合规划与布局,促进交通的可持续发展。     

新形势下保障我国能源安全的战略选择

文章从能源安全的内涵和能源安全观的演变历程出发,全面分析了新形势下我国能源安全面临的主要挑战,系统提出了保障我国能源安全的战略思路和需要着力提高的6种能力,以及保障我国能源安全的7项重点任务。     

中国省域居民生活能源消费的空间效应研究

本文基于2008—2012年中国30个省域为研究对象,从Bayes空间计量的角度研究省域之间生活能源消费的空间效应,并分析不同因素对居民生活能源消费的影响。研究结果表明:中国省域居民能源消费存在显著的空间自相关,多数省域的居民能源消费在空间上呈现高-高和低-低集聚;人口规模是影响居民能源消费最重要的影响因素,其次是居民消费支出和能源消费强度;从当期效应来看,各变量对居民能源消费的直接效应和总效应均显著为正,因此,降低能源消费需要控制人口规模向城市转移的增长速度、降低能源消费强度、引导和改善居民消费结构。     

李德“左”倾军事路线的危害及其形成根源

李德采用左倾军事路线,直接指挥了第五次反围剿,造成中央根据地丢失,红军损失过半的严重后果,危害严重,其错误军事路线的形成有其主观因素,也有客观原因。对第五次反围剿的失败,李德负有理大责任。     

工业港皮带电机的节能改造及应用前景

本文对工业港1^#皮带电机的现状、改造方案的选用进行了阐述，对改造效果作出了评价，同时也展望了电动机节能改造的应用前景。     

Switchable 2,3-dithienylmaleimide bonded to different fluorophores:synthesis and photochromic properties

A series of photochromic diarylethene derivatives containing different fluorophores was synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling reaction and characterized by ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, ^13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Photochromic conversion of Cz-MS was observed and its structural change was confirmed by proton NMR, Switchable absorption and emission phenomena were observed for these molecules. These phenomena were attributed to the reversible photochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer （pcFRET） process. The design of this novel photochromic system of Py-4MS enables information to be processed in a non-destructive manner. This overcomes the problem of the destructive nature of tracking photochromism using ultraviolet （UV）-vis spectroscopy.     

电流变液悬浮颗粒的固态结构研究

基于电流变液悬浮颗粒在外电场作用下的极化模型，采用柱子近程相互作用近似，研究了固化条件下颗粒形成不同结构时相互作用能的大小，及颗粒形状对相互作用能的影响，分析了电流变液固化时可能形成的颗粒结构．     

碳排放约束下能源效率与产业结构解构、空间分布及耦合分析

运用三阶段DEA方法将能源综合效率解构为能源管理效率和能源环境效率。从高级化、合理化和聚集程度三个维度将产业结构分解描述为产业结构高级度、合理度、集中度三个指数。利用协同学思想构建能源管理效率与产业结构之间的耦合度模型,并分析了2005-2012年中国30个省市二者空间分布及耦合协调关系。研究结果表明:1能源效率和产业结构分布地区差异明显,高能效地区分布看,能源综合效率、管理效率和环境效率分别呈倒"Ω"、"δ"和"U"形分布,产业结构三个维度相对高水平地区分别呈"W"、"J"和"S"形分布;2各省能源管理效率与产业结构耦合度存在明显的地区差异性和空间不对称性。从趋势面上看,能源管理效率自东向西,自南向北呈现先上升后下降趋势,高点集中在中南部地区;3二者耦合协调度与地区经济发展水平呈现相对空间对应性,经济发展水平高的地区,其耦合协调程度相对较高,如北京、上海和广东,而经济相对落后的省份,其耦合协调度也相对较低。     

财政货币政策联动对新能源汽车消费的影响研究

通过定量分析探究财政货币政策联动对我国新能源汽车消费的影响,结果发现,财政支持政策、货币支持政策对新能源汽车消费扩张均具有显著的积极效果,然而市场化因素对我国新能源汽车消费的影响却不十分显著。由此认为,扶持新能源汽车等战略性新兴产业,不仅需要财政政策与货币政策联动,而且还需要中央政府与地方政府联动;既需要市场与政策双向驱动,又需要在供给侧和消费侧同时发力,并以此提出简要政策建议。