Identification of the activity source of CO2 electroreduction by strategic catalytic site distribution in stable supramolecular structure system

Identification of the real catalytic site in CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) is critical for the rational design of catalysts and the understanding of reactive mechanisms. In this study, the catalytic activity of pyridine-containing materials was for the first time structurally demonstrated in CO₂RR by crystalline supramolecular coordination compounds model system. The system consists of three stable supramolecular coordination compounds (Ni-TPYP, Ni-TPYP-1 and Ni-TPP) with different numbers (4, 2 and 0) of active pyridine groups (i.e. uncoordinated pyridine nitrogen atoms). The electrocatalytic test results show that with the decrease of the number of active pyridine groups, the CO₂RR performance is gradually reduced, mainly showing the reduction of highest FE_CO (99.8%, 83.7% and 25.6%, respectively). The crystallographic, experimental and theoretical evidences prove that the CO₂RR activity is more likely derived from uncoordinated pyridine nitrogen than the electrocatalytic inert metal nickel in porphyrin center. This work serves as an important case study for the identification of electrocatalytic activity of pyridine-containing materials in CO₂RR by simple supramolecular model system.     

任务驱动教学法下的能源与动力工程基础实验实训探索和改革

分析能源与动力工程基础实验实训现状和存在问题,将任务驱动教学法应用于基础实验实训,突出学生为主、融入新兴理念、培养创新意识、细化实训要求、完善考核机制和扎实能力培养.通过基础实验的自学和检测,锻炼学生操作实验、撰写报告和分析结果的能力.设计实验的任务驱动,给学生充分发展的平台,锻炼其自学、实践、表达和团队协作能力,培养...     

基于声腔模态分析的汽车低频噪声优化

根据汽车白车身结构有限元模型建立车身声固耦合模型。基于声学模态分析理论,进而求解声腔模态。通过实车怠速噪声和车身悬置激励力测试车内响应点的声压值,进一步验证声固耦合模型。通过峰值频率下的板块单元贡献量和模态应变能优化分析,汽车车内低频噪声降低,有利于提升汽车的NVH性能。     

基于注意力分析的主动学习教学过程改进实践

主动学习帮助学生保持注意力并提升课堂参与度,从而提升教学效果.教师在实践主动学习教学时面临的一个主要的问题是如何评价主动学习教学活动是否保持了学生的注意力,从而改进主动学习教学过程.针对该问题,"离散数学"课程组开发了面向主动学习的注意力分析系统,并以此为基础进行了主动学习教学过程改进实践.通过将主动学习教学过程注意力...     

Improving energy expenditure estimates from wearable devices: A machine learning approach

ABSTRACT

A means of quantifying continuous, free-living energy expenditure (EE) would advance the study of bioenergetics. The aim of this study was to apply a non-linear, machine learning algorithm (random forest) to predict minute level EE for a range of activities using acceleration, physiological signals (e.g., heart rate, body temperature, galvanic skin response), and participant characteristics (e.g., sex, age, height, weight, body composition) collected from wearable devices (Fitbit charge 2, Polar H7, SenseWear Armband Mini and Actigraph GT3-x) as potential inputs. By utilising a leave-one-out cross-validation approach in 59 subjects, we investigated the predictive accuracy in sedentary, ambulatory, household, and cycling activities compared to indirect calorimetry (Vyntus CPX). Over all activities, correlations of at least r = 0.85 were achieved by the models. Root mean squared error ranged from 1 to 1.37 METs and all overall models were statistically equivalent to the criterion measure. Significantly lower error was observed for Actigraph and Sensewear models, when compared to the manufacturer provided estimates of the Sensewear Armband (p < 0.05). A high degree of accuracy in EE estimation was achieved by applying non-linear models to wearable devices which may offer a means to capture the energy cost of free-living activities.     

Removal of Organic Acids from Indoor Air in Museum Storage Rooms by Active and Passive Sorption Techniques

ABSTRACT

Adsorbent materials can be used for the removal of organic acids from air in storage rooms with heritage collections. The organic acid removal efficiency of two commercially available activated carbon air-filters were tested in situ in two unoccupied stores with densely packed collections. One filter was designed for outdoor type pollutants (Filter A), while the other was designed for organic acids in indoor air (Filter B). Furthermore, the acetic acid removal efficiency of a desiccant silica gel rotor used for dehumidification was measured in a laboratory at different relative humidity levels. Finally, passive removal of acetic acid by silica gel and unfired clay brick were tested in a chamber, and for clay brick at room level as well. Filter B had the highest removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of both filter types depended on the airflow and the filter performance varied considerably in situ from the values reported from standard laboratory tests. Increasing the filter airflow reduced the removal efficiency from 77% and down to 7% for Filter A, and from 92% to 24% for Filter B. There was almost no effect of active air filtration on the concentration of organic acids when this was measured in the middle and in the corner of the storage rooms away from the ventilation inlets. The desiccant dehumidifier removed 98–100% of the acetic acid from the air, independently of the relative humidity. The desiccant rotor will, however, only be running when there is a need for dehumidification and as a result will only periodically remove pollutants. The high acid removal efficiency by dry silica gel was furthermore demonstrated in a chamber test. A clay brick wall in a test room established a concentration gradient across the room and reduced the concentration of organic acids by 56% compared to close to the emission source.     

Cow's milk as a post-exercise recovery drink: implications for performance and health

Abstract

Post-exercise recovery is a multi-facetted process that will vary depending on the nature of the exercise, the time between exercise sessions and the goals of the exerciser. From a nutritional perspective, the main considerations are: (1) optimisation of muscle protein turnover; (2) glycogen resynthesis; (3) rehydration; (4) management of muscle soreness; (5) appropriate management of energy balance. Milk is approximately isotonic (osmolality of 280–290?mosmol/kg), and the mixture of high quality protein, carbohydrate, water and micronutrients (particularly sodium) make it uniquely suitable as a post-exercise recovery drink in many exercise scenarios. Research has shown that ingestion of milk post-exercise has the potential to beneficially impact both acute recovery and chronic training adaptation. Milk augments post-exercise muscle protein synthesis and rehydration, can contribute to post-exercise glycogen resynthesis, and attenuates post-exercise muscle soreness/function losses. For these aspects of recovery, milk is at least comparable and often out performs most commercially available recovery drinks, but is available at a fraction of the cost, making it a cheap and easy option to facilitate post-exercise recovery. Milk ingestion post-exercise has also been shown to attenuate subsequent energy intake and may lead to more favourable body composition changes with exercise training. This means that those exercising for weight management purposes might be able to beneficially influence post-exercise recovery, whilst maintaining the energy deficit created by exercise.     

关于《运动生物化学》ATP教学的若干问题的探讨

三磷酸腺苷(ATP)在生物体内能量的转移、贮存和利用中，处于一个关键的地位上。ATP的教学是《运动生物化学》教学中的一个重要环节。本文讨论ATP教学中常遇到的几个问题，诸如ATP的分子组成和分子结构式的教学要求，“高能磷酸键”概念以及ATP的形成方式及释能利用方式等问题，并谈谈自己的教学处理意见。     

运动性疲劳状态下线粒体功能改变及其原因

就线粒体氧化磷酸化生成ATP的基本功能，从运动后疲劳状态下，线粒体合成ATP速率和效率改变的角度，探讨了可能导致其变化的原因及其对运动能力的影响。研究运动中态4呼吸状态出现的原因可能有助于针对线粒体氧利用率降低的现象，找出有效提高人体运动能力的方法。     

试论足球运动员的无氧能力及训练

足球运动因大强度、长时间激烈拼抢使能量供应系统变得极为复杂，比赛中无氧供能常起着十分重要的作用。足球运动中无氧供能可分为：高能磷化物系统供能和糖酵解供能。而针对这两种供能形式可分为一般无氧和专项无氧能力训练。