在生物学野外实习中开展人文素质教育的探索与实践——以兰州大学理科基地生物学野外实习基地为例

兰州大学理科基地生物学野外实习中充分利用地域优势,在进行生物学实践性教学的同时,注重将生物知识与人文教育有机结合,引导学生进行多重体验,从而实现科学教育和人文教育的统一。文章着重介绍了兰州大学理科基地在生物学野外实习中开展人文素质教育的主要内容和策略,为生物学科实施人文素质教育提供了依据和建议。     

Boys and machines: gendered computer identities,regulation and resistance

Students negotiate their masculine and feminine identities as students of information and communication technology (ICT) and computer users as they participate in specialist ICT courses and in other areas of their lives. As they negotiate these roles, they are established in relations of power and authority with the technology and with each other. Case study research relating to students’ experiences in specialist computer courses in a New Zealand secondary school reveals a complex and dynamic picture of identity construction and subjectivity. In constructing their personal identities as computer users, males and females experience the regulatory forces of gender relations while at the same time resisting stereotypes. Students make conscious and pragmatic decisions to pursue particular computing courses and paths as they balance their options in the realisation of their possible selves as computer users and adults in the world of work. These decisions signify regulation by and resistance to gendered power relations.     

从差异中窥见相似——从日本高中理科课程的变迁看新课程

生活单元学习.问题解决时期的日本理科课程的特点表明,形式上矛盾源于引进与继承,实质上是两种文化在教育理念上的碰撞。系统.探究的理科时期,形式上矛盾源于照搬和本土化,实质上是学术化与实用技能训练在教育理念上的碰撞……虽然国情不同、历史背景不同、发展阶段不同,差异看似很大,但中日两国理科课程的变迁确有相似之处。研究日本高中理科课程所处的时代背景、目标、结构与内容,分析其课程地位的变化,了解其现行课程的构成特点以及课程变迁的具体过程,目的在于以此重新思考中国课程变革的历史,以期他山之石,可以攻玉。     

日本新修订高中学习指导要领与理科课程的新变化

2009年3月日本文部科学省公布新修订《高中学习指导要领》,高中阶段的理科课程设置结构、课程类型、修业方式均出现了新的变化,不仅新设了科学与人类生活和理科课题研究两门综合性的课程,而且物理、化学、生物、地学各科课程的目标、内容构成以及学习方式也在新课程理念的影响下发生了新的变化。     

清末立宪思潮与近代甘肃法政教育的发轫

清末社会,随着立宪思想的日益兴起,法政知识与法政人才成为社会亟需而倍受重视,法政教育也应时兴起。本文主要考述在清末立宪的社会思潮之下,地处西北边远的甘肃地区法政教育的发轫。     

Videobased lesson analysis: Effective science PD for teacher and student learning

The Science Teachers Learning from Lesson Analysis (STeLLA) project is a videobased analysis‐of‐practice PD program aimed at improving teacher and student learning at the upper elementary level. The PD program developed and utilized two “lenses,” a Science Content Storyline Lens and a Student Thinking Lens, to help teachers analyze science teaching and learning and to improve teaching practices in this year‐long program. Participants included 48 teachers (n = 32 experimental, n = 16 control) and 1,490 students. The STeLLA program significantly improved teachers' science content knowledge and their ability to analyze science teaching. Notably, the STeLLA teachers further increased their classroom use of science teaching strategies associated with both lenses while their students increased their science content knowledge. Multi‐level HLM analyses linked higher average gains in student learning with teachers' science content knowledge, teachers' pedagogical content knowledge about student thinking, and teaching practices aimed at improving the coherence of the science content storyline. This paper highlights the importance of the science content storyline in the STeLLA program and discusses its potential significance in science teaching and professional development more broadly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., J Res Sci Teach 48: 117–148, 2011     

Changes in instructors' assessment thinking related to experimentation with new strategies

Formative assessment has been recognised as a critical element in teaching for conceptual development. A case study research design was employed to: (1) characterise the assessment thinking of three science instructors at a research‐based university; and (2) examine the complex relationship between instructor thinking and practice by encouraging experimentation with alternative assessment strategies. Interviews, reflective journals, field notes and course documents were the data sources used to create a single case study that documented the development of these university instructors’ assessment thinking during their experimentation with formative assessment strategies. Throughout two semesters of experimentation, the instructors’ assessment thinking became more sophisticated; they grew to view the purpose of assessment less as a summative activity used for the assignment of marks and more as a tool for diagnosing student learning. However, more sophisticated thinking was not associated with revisions in teaching practice based on formative assessment data. Further investigations are needed to more completely understand the nature of assessment thinking and how assessment thinking influences assessment practices. Implications for professional development of university‐level science instructors include personalised experiences through which instructors can become active participants in gathering evidence of student learning that promotes growth in assessment thinking.     

Negative school factors and their influence on math and science achievement in TIMSS 2003

The aim of the present study was to conduct an analysis of TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) 2003 database and to determine how negative school factors, such as aggression, are associated to the mathematical and science achievement of students. The analyses were conducted separately for national and international data. National analyses for Slovenia show significant associations between math and science achievement and the experience of aggressive behaviour. Students who experienced aggressive behaviour scored lower in math and science, both in the fourth and in the eighth grade. The results of the regression analysis show that negative factors, such as aggressive behaviour, are good predictors of educational achievement in Slovenia. International analyses for the selected countries (high‐ and low‐achieving countries from the whole TIMSS population) confirm that this type of finding is culturally impartial as well as valid for the level of achievement both in math and in science.     

人文主义对科技时代人身心重建的意义

21世纪我国科技飞速发展,人们在生活质量得到的提升的同时面临着本能衰退、道德感萎缩、物欲膨胀与精神萎靡等困惑。对此可在了解西方人文主义的含义及其与科技的关系的基础上,尝试利用其积极面,即通过重建人的经验意识、全面关注人、明晰科技与现实中人命运的关系来解决。     

谈韩国科学高级中学的若干特点

韩国首个以服务于数学和科学超常生的京畿道科学高级中学自1983年成立以来,至今已经发展到19所。韩国的科学高级中学具有若干特点,如严格的入学要求、提供两类特别的课程、培养学生的创造力、对国际奥林匹克竞赛的重视和注重学生的全面发展等。韩国的科学高级中学已经在韩国和国际上产生了一定的影响,它们的一些做法对于我国的英才教育会有一定的启发。