What is meant by inclusion? An analysis of European and North American journal articles with high impact

The purpose of this review is to further our knowledge about what is meant by inclusion in research addressing the topic. While it is common to remark that inclusion is defined in different ways in research, few attempts have been made to map and analyse different types of definitions and whether there are patterns to be find in how the concept is used. The 30 most cited journal articles from a North American and a European research arena were selected for analysis. Each article was analysed in relation to genre, theoretical tradition and inclusion concept used. The review yielded several important results. To name a few, a divide was identified between position articles, with developed discussions about and analyses of the meaning of inclusion, and empirical articles, where inclusion signifies that children with disabilities are placed in the mainstream. In addition, writing within a critical theoretical tradition was much more common among positional papers. Further, both arenas are dominated by Anglo-Saxon researchers. It is argued that the conceptual confusion characterising the field impedes its development.     

Assessment of Phonological Awareness: Review of Methods and Tools

The importance of phonological awareness to the acquisition and development of reading skills is well documented. Recent attention to the critical nature of phonological awareness has highlighted the need for appropriate assessment tools. This article reviews the current state of phonological awareness assessment by examining norm-referenced, criterion-referenced, and curriculum-based instruments available for practitioners' and researchers' use. Prior to discussing specific assessment types, additional information about phonological awareness is provided, including a definition of phonological awareness, an overview of the relationship of phonological awareness to reading ability, factors influencing what to assess, and an overview of the effectiveness of phonological awareness training. Information about specific assessment instruments include technical adequacy, intended use, and limitations. Implications for practice are presented.     

学前儿童汉语普通话语音意识发展特点及影响因素

运用听音跟读、听音回答问题、听音判断对错三种语音意识测试，本研究对60名上海学前儿童和50名湛江学前儿童的汉语语音意识发展进行了定量分析。结果发现，学前儿童在掌握汉语语音意识方面，声调意识水平最高，其次为韵母意识，再次为声母意识；儿童年龄、测试方式和方言都会对被试的语音意识成绩产生显著影响。     

系统功能语言学在新闻语篇分析和阅读中的应用

以韩礼德的功能语言学理论为指导,从三大纯理功能中的语篇功能角度出发,对一篇有关“SARS”的报导进行主位结构的分析和讨论。通过分析揭示出:用功能语言学的分析框架来描述新闻体裁,可以帮助我们从新的角度进行阅读和理解,从而加深对语篇的认识;功能语言学在新闻语篇分析中的实用性和可操作性。     

关于敦煌写本斋文的几个问题

唐五代宋初，在敦煌佛教徒举行的各种斋会上宣读的斋文，文体结构可分为五个部分：一、颂扬伟的功德法力，称“号头”；二、说明斋会事由，赞叹被追福、祈福者或斋主、施主的美德，称“叹德”；三、叙述设斋的缘由与目的，称“斋意”；四、描绘斋会的盛况，称“道场”；五、表达对佛的种种祈求，称“庄严”。斋文的合集，称“诸杂斋文”。愿文只是其中的一种，不能作为“诸杂斋文”的通称。“诸杂斋文”还包括一些在佛事活动中宣读的类似文书，其中有的文体结构与斋文不同。     

蓝牙组件在公交车实时定位自动报站系统中的应用

在构建基于实时定位的公交车自动报站系统的方案中,应用蓝牙无线模块ROK101008,成功地解决了车载子系统对站点子系统的感应和识别,实现了公交车站点自动定位和语音报站,适应并促进了公交管理规范化和自动化的发展.     

新创办科技期刊快速提升学术影响力探析

国内科技期刊门类众多、数量庞大、竞争激烈,这对新创办科技期刊不可避免地带来了巨大的压力。新创办只有选择在国家部委重点支持的学科方向办刊,实现高水平编委会和高素质编辑出版队伍建设,并充分发挥其积极作用,通过跟踪基金项目进展、向权威机构知名专家约稿、关注学科高影响作者等多种举措注重加强高水平核心作者队伍建设,提升期刊学术内容质量,才能在激烈的竞争中展示出强大的生命力,并实现快速提升学术影响力的目的。     

优选论框架下的儿童音系习得研究综述

儿童音系习得一直是学者关注的热点问题。文章探讨了优选论理论框架下的儿童音系习得,揭示了其在语言习得领域的最新研究成果和面临的问题与挑战。     

东盟英语语音变体与英语专业听力教学

英语区域性变体是英语语言在全世界广泛使用并与地域语言文化互为影响的必然结果。近年来,东盟国家的英语变体研究成为国内外语言学者关注的热点。文章从英语教学的角度探讨如何在专业高年级听力教学中增强东盟英语国别变体学习的意识,提高听力理解能力和口头交际能力。     

法条竞合“禁止向一般条款逃避”之提倡——兼与张明楷教授商榷

在法条竞合的情况下,法律适用采用"重法优于轻法",类似民法上的"向一般条款逃避"。从民刑比较而言,刑法的形式理性更高,刑法适用更应禁止"向一般条款逃避";从法律解释看,格式合同尚且作出对提供文本一方不利的解释,刑法犹如国家与国民订立的格式合同,亦应作出对国民有利的解释;从罪刑法定原则看,犯罪构成要件明确性要求刑法适用禁止"向一般条款逃避",亦是明确性原则的题中应有之意;可见,禁止"向一般条款逃避"亦是刑法的适用铁则。为此,刑法立法上,普通法条应配置较轻的法定刑;司法上,应杜绝随意将普通法条扩大解释,严格普通法条的适用条件,即便例外适用"重法优于轻法",也应当以刑法的注意规定为限。