A Study on Human-Computer Interaction Mechanism in an Intelligent Tutoring System

Discussion is a common and important learning process. Involvement of a virtual agent can provide adaptive support for the discussion process. Argumentative knowledge construction is beneficial to learners’ acquisition of knowledge,but the effectiveness of argumentative scaffolding in existing studies is not consistent. Based on an intelligent discussion system, a total of 47 undergraduate students took part in the experiment and they were assigned to three different conditions: content-related plus content-independent scaffolding condition, content-related scaffolding condition, and the control condition. Under the content-related and content-independent scaffolding condition, the computer agent provided an idea from semantically different categories (content-related scaffolding) according to the automatic categorization of the current contributions, and further inquired the participants about their attitudes and reasons (content-independent scaffolding). Under the condition of content-related scaffolding condition, the virtual agent only provided semantically different viewpoints. Under the control condition, the subjects expressed their opinion independently without the participation of the virtual agent. Findings revealed that compared with the control group, when the virtual agent provided semantically different ideas (content-related scaffolding), the discussion breadth (number of categories) was improved and the subjects felt that they had a more comprehensive understanding of the problem. Compared with the content-related scaffolding condition, when the virtual agent provided semantically different ideas and further asked about the attitudes and reasons, the subjects expressed more agreement with these views, but mentioned fewer categories during the discussion. This study suggests that the content-related scaffolding can facilitate the cognitive processing effect relevant to the topic of discussion. When the content independent scaffolding is added, it can promote the argumentative processing, but may have a negative effect on the cognitive processing related to the topic discussed.     

人工智能时代大学教学范式再造的依据、方向与进路——基于创造性破坏理论的分析

人类社会正在步入人工智能时代,人工智能技术业已展现出颠覆各行业秩序的重构性力量。大学教学范式是否亦然被重构,人工智能技术能为大学教学范式变革提供何种可能等问题亟待厘清。基于创造性破坏理论,本研究通过对大学教学范式运作的价值网络进行扫描发现,延续性创新力量难以有效驱动大学教学范式变革,“知识即力量”的实践误读、去标准化教学的“持久战”、反馈功能弱化的超稳态及以“学”为中心理念的悬浮等变革困境阻碍大学教学范式的更迭跃迁,大学教学范式变革急需创造性破坏力量。人工智能技术与大学教学范式核心要件的整合能够激发逆转教学范式变革困境的创造性破坏力量,重塑教学价值的生成与表达方式,推动大学教学从“教”的范式向“学”的范式转换。大学教学新范式具有较大的收益递增潜力,其生成性的教学理念抑制信息传递的变异,非线性的教学方法激活学生转识成智的动力,融合式的教学内容降低知识创新的边际成本,增值式的教学评价提高教学资源的配置效率。为使大学教学范式走出变革困境并实现再造,大学教学共同体须坚守“通专融合”的人本教育,秉持用以致学的学习观和认知指导的教学观,重构教学治理技术与制度。     

基于Unity3D的手机触屏类游戏关键技术研究与实现

随着高端智能手机的发展,触屏类手机游戏逐步成为新的娱乐方式.而对于触屏类手机游戏设计与交互性方面的研究成为新的热点.针对触屏类手机游戏开发中界面趣味性、人机交互性、操作灵活性等共性问题,基于Unity3D触屏事件处理机制,着重于快速完成自定义地形场景、模型动态显示及人工智能等关键技术的研究与实现,并基于Unity3D游戏引擎开发Android触屏类手机游戏,满足游戏场景真实性、趣味性及交互性,对触屏类手机开发具有一定的参考价值.     

教育测评和学习领域的人工智能技术评估

随着人工智能技术的快速发展,人工智能技术在教育中的应用越来越广泛,很多科技公司投入资金开发人工智能技术应用于教育测评和学习领域,但是这些技术和产品的质量良莠不齐,用户很难辨别,这种情况在某种程度上不利于教育人工智能产业的发展。为帮助用户评估人工智能技术应用于教育测评和学习领域的产品质量,提出自动生成考题或学习材料、自适应学习、自动评分和自动反馈4项技术的评估方法,从决策者和用户的角度对如何评估教育人工智能技术给出建议。     

基于全信息的智能决策支持系统研究

智能决策支持系统是决策支持系统研究领域的一个主要方向，随着人工智能技术的发展，已取得了许多令人满意的成果。但是，就智能决策支持系统本身来讲，正面临着一个新的课题──智能化决策信息处理。为解决这一问题，笔者介绍了“全信息”的概念及其描述方法，并给出了基于全信息的智能决策支持系统的结构设计。笔者将信息理论、人工智能和决策支持系统结合起来，开拓了决策支持系统新的研究领域。这是推动决策支持系统研究领域发展的一种极有希望的途径。     

强化训练后血浆β—内啡呔及生长抑素与T淋巴细胞及其亚群的关系

7名中长跑运动员经过4 周大运动量强化训练后,出现免疫功能抑制,CD_8~ T细胞比例明显升高,CD_4~ /CD_8~ 比值下降,呈倒置现象。放射免疫测定的结果表明,4周强化训练后,运动员安静时血将β—内啡呔（β—EP）和生长抑素（SS）均明显升高,β—EP和SS对运动试验的反应性降低。结果提示,强化训练后,运动员机体的免疫功能抑制可能与神经内分泌调节紊乱有关。     

运动训练与免疫功能的研究进展

笔者综述了运动训练对机体免疫功能的影响,探讨了运动性免疫抑制发生的可能机制,为进一步研究运动性免疫抑制提供理论依据。     

Predicting ground reaction forces in running using micro-sensors and neural networks

Measurement of ground reaction force (GRF) in running provides a direct indication of the loads to which the body is subjected at each foot-ground contact, and can provide an objective explanation for performance outcomes. Traditionally, the collection of three orthogonal component GRF data in running requires an athlete to complete a series of return loops along a laboratory based runway, within which a force platform is embedded, in order to collect data from a discrete footfall. The major disadvantages associated with this GRF data collection methodology include the inability to assess multiple consecutive foot contacts and the fact that measurements are typically confined to the laboratory. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential for wearable instrumentation to be employed, in conjunction with artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models, for the estimation of GRF in middle distance running. A modular wearable data acquisition system was developed to acquire in-shoe force (ISF) data. Matched data sets from wearable instrumentation (source data) and force plate (target data) records were collected from elite middle-distance runners under controlled laboratory conditions for the purposes of ANN and MLR model development (MD) and model validation (MV). In terms of statistical measures of prediction accuracy the MLR model was found to provide a superior level of accuracy for the prediction of the vertical and medio-lateral components of GRF and alternatively, the ANN model provided the most accurate predictions of the anterior-posterior component of GRF. The prediction accuracy of each component of GRF was found to be governed by the inherent signal variability, in which case the vertical and anterior-posterior components were more reliable and subsequently predicted significantly more accurately than the medio-lateral component. The emerging capability for obtaining continuous GRF records from wearable instrumentation has the potential to permit unprecedented quantification of training stress and competition demands in running.     

耐力强化训练期间划船运动员特异性细胞免疫功能的变化

为研究强化性耐力训练期间广东省男子划船运动员特异性细胞免疫功能的变化,选择T-淋巴细胞及其亚群作为观察指标。结果指出,经过30天的强化性耐力训练,运动员的CD3百分比下降,CD4百分比和CD4/CD8比值显著下降,CD8百分比显著上升,提示运动员的特异性细胞免疫功能下降。     

赛前强化训练对短跨项目运动员T淋巴细胞和唾液SIgA的影响

通过对广东省田径队参加“2 0 0 0年全国田径锦标赛”优秀短跨项目运动员 4周大强度训练和比赛的跟踪调查 ,观察大强度长时间训练和比赛对其机体免疫机能的影响。结果表明 :长时间大强度训练使T淋巴系统功能降低 ,整个训练期CD4+ /CD8+ 值低于正常值 ,呈非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;CD4+ 百分含量显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但CD8+ 百分含量变化不大。经过调整和比赛后 ,所有指标均有升高趋势 ,但没有统计学意义。整个训练和比赛中 ,分泌型免疫球蛋白SIgA呈现对抗原刺激后的增加 ,训练后有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结果提示 :高水平田径短跨项目运动员赛前大强度长时间训练会导致机体T淋巴细胞免疫系统功能下降 ,但是粘膜免疫系统功能在外界抗原刺激下有所升高 ,且训练后SIgA的变化与CD4+ 及CD4+ /CD8+ 值显著相关。因此 ,利用两者的变化可监测田径短跨项目运动员机体免疫系统功能的变化