面向教育2030的数学课堂对话人工智能评价体系构建研究

提高课堂对话的有效性是发展高质量课堂教学的重要抓手,构建面向世界经济合作与发展组织提出的教育2030远景目标,并立足中国数学学科发展的数学课堂对话评价体系,有助于为中国数学课堂教学评价和监测提供第三方依据和指南.评价体系的建设坚持科学性、通用性和可操作性,包括8个一级指标与22个二级指标,经检验具有较好的信度与效度,可为大规模课堂教学分析与比较及课堂对话规律挖掘等提供有效支撑,为创建优质高效的数学课堂奠定良好基础.     

人工智能“热”的冷思考

人工智能技术的不断革新引发了人们生产生活、学习和工作方式的变革,并对人类发展产生了重要影响。为让人们深刻认识到人工智能所引发的问题,密切关注其发展,更好地管控风险,让人工智能技术更加安全高效地为人类服务,在分析人工智能涵义与本质的基础上,利用文献分析法总结了人工智能“热”的主要表现,并对其进行理论和实践上的归因分析,强调了人工智能存在的问题及局限,针对性地提出了充分发挥人类创造主动性、建立伦理道德规范、保护人们隐私安全以及让人工智能为产业赋能的解决路径。     

学生宿舍人脸识别考勤系统设计

为规范学生宿舍管理,保障学生人身安全,采用人脸识别技术,结合目前通用的软件开发方式与数据库技术,基于云服务器数据处理和移动设备终端,设计开发一套智能化学生宿舍考勤系统。该系统可有效解决现阶段高校学生宿舍考勤难的问题,相较传统考勤管理方式,新方法将考勤效率提升约 50%。基于人脸识别的学生宿舍考勤系统可有效提升学生宿舍考勤管理效率。     

金融科技概念辨析、发展历程梳理及前景展望

运用比较分析、抽象概括的方法,深入辨析金融科技、科技金融和互联网金融等相关概念的异同及与实体经济的关系,在此基础上以主要支撑技术及其典型应用为划分依据分析金融科技的发展历程,得出的结论是:金融科技先后经历了电子化金融、互联网金融和场景化金融等发展阶段,金融与科技的融合逐渐加深。随着人工智能、5G、区块链等前沿技术的应用和监管的完善,金融科技产业将迎来新一轮重大发展机遇,金融科技创新在促进实体经济高质量发展方面有望发挥更大的作用。     

课赛融合背景下人工智能人才培养模式研究

随着人工智能的快速发展,社会呈现出对人工智能人才大量需求的新趋势。我国多所高校设立了人工智能相关专业,希望快速补足人才空缺。高校人工智能人才培养应该采用课赛融合的方式,实现"学为用,用促学"。文章从分析现有人才培养中的不足入手,提出人才培养思路,以及适应人工智能发展的人才培养措施。     

人工神经网络在电力系统谐波分析中的应用

电力系统中各种非线性负载的广泛应用,特别是各种电力电子装置的广泛应用,是系统产生谐波的主要根源;而大量的电力电容器组的使用,则进一步加剧了谐波的危害。本文主要围绕如何用Adaline神经元模型实现电力系统的谐波分析,并分析了Adaline神经元模型的改进方法。     

杭州地区自动和人工观测资料差异特征分析评估

本文利用2004.1-12全市7个国家人工站和自动站观测资料,通过对比差值、差值平均值、差值标准差、雨量累计相对差值、风向相符率、数据差异的显著性检验等方法,分析自动代替人工观测后,气温、相对湿度、风和降水等四大要素的时间和空间差异情况。结果表明,全市的日最高气温、日最低气温、日平均风速、日最大风速等四个要素的自动观测值大于人工观测值;日平均气温和日平均相对湿度二个要素的自动观测值小于人工观测值。     

Computer systems: Moral entities but not moral agents

After discussing the distinction between artifacts and natural entities, and the distinction between artifacts and technology, the conditions of the traditional account of moral agency are identified. While computer system behavior meets four of the five conditions, it does not and cannot meet a key condition. Computer systems do not have mental states, and even if they could be construed as having mental states, they do not have intendings to act, which arise from an agent’s freedom. On the other hand, computer systems have intentionality, and because of this, they should not be dismissed from the realm of morality in the same way that natural objects are dismissed. Natural objects behave from necessity; computer systems and other artifacts behave from necessity after they are created and deployed, but, unlike natural objects, they are intentionally created and deployed. Failure to recognize the intentionality of computer systems and their connection to human intentionality and action hides the moral character of computer systems. Computer systems are components in human moral action. When humans act with artifacts, their actions are constituted by the intentionality and efficacy of the artifact which, in turn, has been constituted by the intentionality and efficacy of the artifact designer. All three components – artifact designer, artifact, and artifact user – are at work when there is an action and all three should be the focus of moral evaluation.     

人造碱基与人工合成生命

文章就人造碱基及相关人工合成生命领域内的代表性研究成果进行了全景式综述,着重介绍了氢键互补及疏水性两种最为主要的人造碱基对,探讨了具有里程碑意义的六核酸分子人工合成生命及其对合成生物学未来发展的影响,简单综述了人造碱基在DNA检测诊断试剂盒等方面的成功应用实例。最后对这一研究领域的前景和面临的挑战进行了展望。     

Playing surface and UK professional rugby union injury risk

Artificial rugby union playing surface installation is increasing. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the effect of playing surface on match injury types within 157 players of two UK professional rugby union clubs playing 209 matches (96 on artificial surfaces and 113 on grass) over three seasons. There was no difference in overall injury risk between the two playing surfaces with injury incidence on artificial 80.2 (CI 69.9–91.7) and on grass 81.9 per 1000 match-hours (CI 72.2–92.5), with an incidence rate ratio (RR) of 0.98 (CI 0.82–1.17). There was a higher rate of concussion (RR 0.52, CI 0.34 – 0.78) and chest injuries on grass (RR 0.26 CI 0.07, 0.95), and a higher rate of thigh haematoma (RR 2.25, CI 1.05–4.82) foot injuries (RR 4.12, CI 1.10, 15.40) and injury to players being tackled (RR 1.46, CI 1.00, 2.15) on artificial. Whilst there was no higher injury risk for matches played on artificial versus natural grass surfaces, the higher incidence of concussion and chest injury on grass, and the higher rate of foot injuries on artificial surfaces may be related to tackle and footwear-to-surface interface factors.