我国男子高水平三级跳远运动员专项力量训练安排研究

摘要：男子三级跳远是我国参加奥运会田径比赛的潜优势项目,专项力量是影响三级跳远比赛成绩和技术水平提升的关键因素,运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实地调查等研究方法,分析研究我国最优秀的6名男子三级跳远运动员专项力量训练安排。结论：1）我国男子高水平三级跳远运动员的力量训练内容、方法手段、计划与负荷基本符合世界潮流,但训练中缺少单腿支撑进行的蹲、拉、提、举等练习,不够贴近专项需要;2）专项力量训练器材与世界发达国家相比科技化含量不高;3）专项力量负荷调整控制主要依赖教练员经验与身体素质指标推算。     

析PIN结合论的运动负荷观

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,系统阐述PIN结合论对运动负荷的构成、分类、属性,以及与运动员竞技能力发展模型的关系等问题,提出了一些新观点。旨在提高人们对运动负荷的全面认识,通过科学控制运动负荷,促进运动训练的科学化,提升运动员的综合制胜力。     

运动极限适应

本文采用文献资料法、逻辑思维法等方法,从而提出运动极限适应训练思想．运动训练的基本特征是挖掘运动员最大潜力,人体运动能力是有极限的,在接近极限的临界负荷时训练效应最大。运动极限负荷训练,既不是胆大妄为,也不是盲目追求,必须是可控的和多学科支持保障的。     

武术大负荷训练对民族传统体育大学生血乳酸和血尿素氮影响的研究

观察15名民族传统体育专业大学生在武术大负荷训练前后血乳酸和血尿素氮的变化,分析血乳酸和血尿素氮与民族传统体育大学生训练水平的关系,结果表明：血乳酸和血尿素氮能够客观评定训练强度,为科学训练提供依据;大运动负荷训练对学生血乳酸和血尿素氮变化有不同程度的影响,但存在个体差异。     

初探田径运动员过度疲劳的恢复训练

文章运用文献资料研究方法,论述了运动员出现过度疲劳后的征状,所应采取的恢复措施及所能达到的最佳恢复效果,以期为田径训练工作提供参考和帮助。     

业余手球训练负荷安排的研究

如何从科学的角度去把握业余手球运动训练的现状,对业余手球运动训练安排十分重要的课题之一,运动负荷是以身体练习为基本手段,对有机体施加的训练刺激。在手球训练过程中根据训练任务和对象的水平,逐步地有节奏地加大运动负荷,直至最大限度。     

专项功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度统一的研究

分析了国际上和中国赛艇队对功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度控制问题的有关研究，对于如何把赛艇陆上测试的功与功率与水上的运动强度统一起来，如何运用功和功率在水陆训练整体评价运动员体能的方法进行了分析；对如何建立起赛艇水陆训练强度测评统一、完整的国家标准和体系进行了探讨。通过水上测试与陆上测功仪的功率数据的合理对应，能准确发现各种技能的细节问题，结合生化指标测试，就可能迅速建立起赛艇水陆训练强度测评统一、完整、先进的国家标准和体系，对2008年奥运会中国体能项目的全面突破和“119工程”的完成有实质的意义。     

世界优秀短跑与跨栏运动员年度及小周期训练负荷控制特征的研究

运用文献资料、特征解析和数理统计等研究方法，对短跑与跨栏运动员的年度及小周期训练负荷控制特征进行研究。结果表明：在年度不同中周期训练过程中，准备期的速度力量训练负荷量约占年度速度力量训练总负荷量的41％-42％，赛前准备期的速度力量训练负荷量约占全年速度力量训练总负荷量的43％-44％，比赛期的速度力量训练负荷量约占全年速度力量训练总负荷量的6％-7％；而小周期运动负荷的控制特征，则表现为准备期中各小周期的训练内容是以改进技术动作作为提高竞技能力的核心，并以提高最大速度和速度耐力作为身体素质训练的主要内容，但最大力量、速度力量和有氧耐力训练仍是其重要内容之一。     

Objective and subjective methods for quantifying training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games

The aim of the present study was to analyse the training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games and determine the relationship between heart rate (HR)-based training load and perceived exertion (RPE)-based training load methods among small-sided games bouts. HR-based measurements of training load included Edwards’ training load and Stagno’s training impulses (TRIMP_MOD) while RPE-based training load measurements included cardiopulmonary (session RPEres) and muscular (session RPEmus) values. Data were collected from 12 wheelchair basketball players during five consecutive weeks. The total load for the small-sided games sessions was 67.5 ± 6.7 and 55.3 ± 12.5 AU in HR-based training load (Edwards’ training load and TRIMP_MOD), while the RPE-based training loads were 99.3 ± 26.9 (session RPEres) and 100.8 ± 31.2 AU (session RPEmus). Bout-to-bout analysis identified greater session RPEmus in the third [P < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.66, moderate] and fourth bouts (P < 0.05; ES = 0.64, moderate) than in the first bout, but other measures did not differ. Mean correlations indicated a trivial and small relationship among HR-based and RPE-based training loads. It is suggested that HR-based and RPE-based training loads provide different information, but these two methods could be complementary because one method could help us to understand the limitations of the other.     

Top-down and bottom-up guidance in comprehension of schematic football diagrams

Comprehension of a narrated diagram entail complex cognitive processing as learner is challenged to extract the orally evoked information. The present experiment examined the effects of 2 different forms of attention guidance – bottom-up and top-down – on comprehension performance, cognitive load investment, and motivation to learn, using a 2 × 2 mixed design with factors “Expertise” (Expert vs. Novice) and “Condition” (no-signal, circle, segment). The results revealed an expertise reversal effect indicating that the incorporation of visual signals in diagram is effective for novice learners but partially reverses and becomes ineffective for more experienced learners (even though they invested less mental effort and reported higher level of motivation in the segmented condition). The findings suggested that the effectiveness of instructional guidance depends heavily on levels of prior knowledge.