The Reality of Sustaining Community-Based Sport and Physical Activity Programs to Enhance the Development of Underserved Youth: Challenges and Potential Strategies

Many community-based sport and physical activity programs take a positive youth development approach when operating in underserved communities around the world (Forneris, Whitley, & Barker, 2013). However, one of the biggest challenges for these programs is sustainability (Lindsey, 2008). The purpose of this article is to present the 3 authors’ experiences related to program sustainability when working with community-based sport and physical activity programs using a positive youth development approach in underserved communities. The authors describe the challenges faced with program sustainability, including ineffective development approaches, building strong relationships with community partners, knowledge translation, and securing funding. Also described are the strategies used to overcome these challenges, such as planning, capacity building, recruitment, and evaluation. This article is intended to stimulate more open and honest discussions about the realities of positive youth development program sustainability around the world.     

中国石龙子不同地理居群染色体组型研究

研究了浙江洞头、温州、泰顺和江西南丰四个地理居群中国石龙子的染色体组型．骨髓细胞空气干燥法制备染色体标本．结果表明：中国石龙子四个不同地理居群的二倍体均为2n=26=18m 4sm 4t，NF=48，第2对染色体为随体染色体；洞头、温州、泰顺和江西南丰4个居群的随体染色体(2q)上的次缢痕出现率分别为40％、63%、80％和97％；经单因素方差分析可知，多对染色体的相对长度、臂比值和着丝粒指数差异显著．中国石龙子不同地理居群的核型分化具有多型现象．     

Lap Reading for Young at-Risk Children: Introducing Families to Books

Many at-risk children do not experience lap reading to the degree their more advantaged peers do. To investigate the effects lap reading might have on such children, three families with at-risk children were taught lap reading techniques and were provided with books for lap reading over a 12- to 16-week period. Changes in the children's behavior included choosing books and reading as free-time activities, developing positive attitudes toward books, and persisting in attending to books in the face of other activity choices. Additional outcomes included an increase in higher level questions asked by the children, some improvement in their oral language, and an increase in literacy-specific knowledge. Lap reading is recommended as a tool for parents to increase instructional motivation for their at-risk children.     

A Model for Involvement of Fathers in Literacy Development with Young At-Risk and Exceptional Children

Early involvement in literacy activities can provide many benefits for at-risk and exceptional children and their fathers. These benefits include development of children's reading and writing skills, increased bonding, and positive self-esteem of fathers. Early childhood professionals can foster male involvement by describing benefits, suggesting appropriate activities, materials and expectations, and by providing ongoing feedback. A model for getting fathers involved in literacy activities with their young at risk and exceptional children is described. The four major approaches in this model are early social interaction, reading books, incidental preliteracy activities, and school involvement.     

洪武大移民：来自湖南浏阳的新例证

《浏阳乡土志·氏族志》关于氏族迁移与氏族人口的部分,其质量虽然稍逊于湖南一批县志中的氏族志,但却要优于同时代的乡土志,是研究洪武大移民史的好材料。以民间文献为主体的移民叙事,将中国分割为若干个不同原籍的不同移民区。南方移民的多源性与北方移民的单一性,形成强烈的对比。不同区域人口追求共同祖先来源的策略,是一个自觉或不自觉的行为,与现代性无关。     

Hill Street Blues： Are you serving your underserved population？

Academic prowess is not necessarily the hallmark of the college bound individual. As increasing numbers of high school graduates come to realize that a higher degree is necessary to ensure an adequate standard of living, university faculty often faced with academically unprepared populations. This paper provides participants with methods to motivate and encourage academic success in populations that have previously not had access to higher education.     

恒星物理研究与发展

文章介绍了恒星物理的研究现状和发展趋势,包括恒星形成、恒星结构与演化、双星演化与应用、恒星振动、恒星化学丰度、系外行星系统、Ia型超新星与伽马射线暴、星族合成等等,并对国内恒星学科的发展进行了展望。     

Senses of humor,media use,and opinions about the treatment of marginalized groups

This research examines public opinions toward marginalized groups, applying the notion of multiple “senses of humor” as a filter in the process of opinion formation while controlling for the relative impact of media exposure on such opinions. A sample of 288 students at a large urban university responded to an online survey measuring a variety of public opinions, media use (including traditional, news, and interactive) variables, four senses of humor (disparagement, dark/arousal, incongruity, and social currency), and social locators, including political orientation. Results confirm that, in addition to social locators, senses of humor provide a viable set of predictors of public opinion about marginalized groups, clearly surpassing media use. Further, the senses of humor are found to be linked to political orientation, raising issues of the commonalities and origins of these critical filters of sociopolitical attitudes.     

The road (not) taken: Principals' perceptions of at-risk pupils' participation in collective decision-making

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child anchors children's right to participate in decision-making. This right refers to decisions at the individual level as well as collective decisions taken by a group of children. Various studies have indicated that youth from disadvantaged backgrounds face high barriers to participation in collective decision-making and thus have fewer opportunities to enjoy the educational and developmental benefits of such participation. This study explored school principals' perceptions of at-risk youths' participation in collective decision-making in schools. Specifically, it analysed differences between the perceptions of principals who had established participatory frameworks and those who had not. The research design drew on interviews with 18 principals who manage high schools for at-risk youth in Israel. All interviewed principals acknowledged the potential cultural mismatch between the dominant models of pupil councils and the culture of at-risk youth. Principals who had established participatory frameworks viewed participation as a gradual process, trusting their pupils' capacity to attain higher levels of participation even if participatory activities did not come as ‘second nature’ to them. However, principals who did not institute such frameworks viewed their pupils' participation as an ‘all-or-nothing’ enterprise, inappropriate for at-risk youth. Fulfilling participation rights in schools for at-risk youth requires efforts to adapt the participatory capital to the pupils' background. The principals' perceptions of the participation process and of their pupils were intertwined with their willingness to engage in such adaptations and take the less-travelled road of participatory practices in schools for at-risk youth.     

Multiple-Group Analysis for Structural Equation Modeling With Dependent Samples

Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) plays a key role in studying measurement invariance and in group comparison. However, existing methods for multigroup SEM assume that different samples are independent. This article develops a method for multigroup SEM with correlated samples. Parallel to that for independent samples, the focus here is on the cross-group stability of the within-group structure and parameters. In particular, the method does not require the specification of any between-group relationship. Rescaled and adjusted statistics as well as sandwich-type covariance matrices make the developed method work for possibly nonnormal variables with finite 4th-order moments. The method is applied to a longitudinal data set on the development of entrepreneurial teams across 4 phases. Detailed analysis is provided regarding the stability of the effect of psychological compatibility on team performance, as it is mediated by fairness perception and team cohesion.