人口较少民族地区学校教育传承民族文化研究

在现代化进程中,人口较少民族传统文化的延续和传承面临困境,如何保护和发展传统文化,成为人口较少民族发展面临的紧迫任务和难题。人口较少民族地区学校不同程度开展了民族文化传承教育活动,取得了一定的社会效益,也面临不少问题。随着物质生活条件的提高,人口较少民族干部群众要求将本民族传统文化纳入学校教育的呼声和愿望日趋强烈。学校教育作为人口较少民族文化传承的重要途径和平台,在人口较少民族优秀传统文化的传承中大有可为,相关部门尤其是学校必须加强民族文化传承教育。     

Preparing at-risk youth for a changing world: revisiting a person-in-context model for transition to employment

Background: The current global cohort of youth has been called ‘a generation at-risk’, marked by a dramatic rise in youth who are not in employment, education or training programmes. In 2010, youth were three times as likely as adults to be unemployed, with youth unemployment worsening in 2012 and 2013. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to examine educational structures that can promote greater labour market attachment and successful transition into employment for youth worldwide. Vocational and work-based education (WBE) has been identified as one of the most recommended and promising educational structures for curtailing youth under- and unemployment. However, WBE takes many forms, making it difficult to discern which WBE programme is most likely to meet the diverse needs of any individual at-risk youth. Moreover, there has been a dearth of theoretical conceptualisations to explain WBE as a context that promotes resilience for at-risk youth as they transition into the world of work.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a revised model for WBE as an enabling context for at-risk youth in transition from school to employment. Specifically, a person-in-context approach is used, situating youth-related facets (e.g. agency) in relation to systemic facets (e.g. political, cultural) to provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for WBE. The revised model maintains three overlapping domains – the individual, the social-cultural and the economic-political – to address a theoretical gap in the literature on transition systems while providing a foundation for practical efforts to prepare at-risk youth for engaging in a changing labour market.

Design and Methods: The model was constructed through a systematic and interdisciplinary integrative literature review that examined empirical, conceptual, policy-based and practice-based literature on at-risk youth transition from school to work. Articles and documents were analysed for both individual and contextual factors that influence transition, in order to contribute towards the development of a robust person-in-context model. Existing models of transition and other systems were also examined that addressed the needs of at-risk youth. A ‘person-in-context’ approach was selected for our model as it enabled representation of both macro- and microcosmic factors that shape effective WBE programming.

Conclusions: The model is organised around three critical domains that were identified as being influential for school-to-work transition: the individual domain, the social-cultural domain and the economic-political domain. Within each of these domains, multiple facets are described that shape youth transition. WBE is positioned at the centre of the model as an educational structure that can attend to the multiple facets that shape engagement in school and work. The paper concludes with an explicit research agenda linked to the model and practical implications for WBE programming.     

Technology Solutions for Adult Literacy

No abstract available for this article.     

Identifying students ‘at risk’ of withdrawal using ROC analysis of attendance data

Student retention has become increasingly important as student numbers continue to rise. Early identification of those students who are disengaging from their course is crucial if steps are to be taken to turn this around. Attendance data from the compulsory aspects of courses were gathered on a centrally held database during teaching week six of semester one. Students who did not meet a pre-set threshold of expected attendance, derived from ROC analysis of historical attendance data, were identified as ‘at risk’ of withdrawal to their Adviser of Studies during teaching week seven. These students were contacted and encouraged to make an appointment with their Adviser so that they could receive help with any difficulties they were having. The entire cohort was then reviewed in the following academic year to see if they had withdrawn, continued (in any year) or progressed to the second year of their programme.     

Succeeding with High-Risk K–3 Populations Using Arts-Based Reading Instruction: A Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have identified isolated elements for successfully teaching early reading. However, very few studies have examined the effect of early reading programs that use a combination of multiple research-based practices. A 4-year longitudinal study starting with 243 students was conducted to determine the effects of the Reading in Motion reading program on standardized measures of students’ reading skills. The program provided students from kindergarten through Grade 3 arts-based instruction in reading that teaches phonemic awareness, systematic phonics, and oral reading fluency using small groups and peer-assisted instruction with frequent, corrective feedback. Although the two groups were nearly identical upon entering kindergarten, the at-risk treatment students (N = 57) significantly outperformed control students (N = 48) at the end of kindergarten and Grades 1 and 2.     

Of Monkeys and Men: New Insights into Using Chinese Rhesus Macaque as a Viable Model of Human Aging

<正>Of all human conditions,aging and death are perhaps the most universal.Unfortunately death among elderly populations is often a drawn out and painful affair,as advanced age is accompanied by marked rises in morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases.Precisely why this is the case has been subject to a great deal of speculation,but one commonly held explanation is referred to as immunosenescence,where the human body undergoes a remodeling of both innate and adaptive immune responses,and some functions are enhanced while others diminished.Both responses are key to the human immune systems,which fights off outside     

New Origin for Coronary Vessels Revealed

Neonatal heart:Largely,postnatal coronary vessels might not have expanded from preexisting embryonic vasculature as formerly believed–see what CAS biologists revealed in page 311.     

Planning to Unmask Potential Through Responsive Curriculum: The “Famous Five” Exercise

Barriers to the identification of gifted students from traditionally underserved groups have been well documented. Although contemporary definitions of giftedness give heed to both performance and potential, the literature provides little concrete direction for how “potential” can be recognized, particularly in underperforming students who have lacked access to the kind of high-quality, personally relevant, and appropriately challenging curriculum likely to bring their talents to the fore. It is argued that high-quality curriculum can serve as an effective catalyst for the emergence of diverse talent but that such an objective must be a deliberate focus of curriculum planning. The “Famous Five” exercise presented in this article is a heuristic procedure that has been used with experienced educators and is designed to stimulate the thinking of curriculum developers as they design opportunities for unmasking diverse gifted potential.     

Organized Non-Activity: A Proposed Solution to Some Common Classroom Problems

The authors recommend practical techniques and resources for teaching at-risk secondary students, who are often nontraditional learners. The article describes tactual and kinesthetic instructional resources that research has shown are effective for typically performing and at-risk students who do not learn conventionally.     

An initial study of the diagnostic utility of the emotional and behavioural screener in Lithuania

In schools, screening is an effective method to identify students at-risk for emotional and behavioural disorders. Several intervention programmes such as Positive Behaviour Interventions and Supports, Response to Intervention, and Multi-tiered Systems of Supports call for the use of psychometrically sound screening instruments. This study investigated diagnostic utility of a brief (10-item) screener, the Emotional and Behavioural Screener (EBS) with a sample 312 Lithuanian students. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used as a reference point for the investigation. Diagnostic utility statistics (i.e. overall agreement, misleading negatives, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) were used to evaluate the usefulness and validity of the EBS. The results indicate, that majority of the diagnostic utility statistics thresholds were met; however, some gender differences were found. In sum, the EBS appears to be an accurate screener discriminating students not at-risk and at-risk for emotional and behavioural problems. Study limitations, future research directions and implications are discussed.