综合性农业科学类中文核心期刊零被引论文特征

【目的】 了解综合性农业科学类中文核心期刊零被引论文特征,探讨该类期刊在提高影响力方面的措施。【方法】 收集《中文核心期刊要目总览》中13种综合性农业科学类期刊在2011年发表的零被引论文,对其作者数量、第一作者所属机构、第一作者职称、第一作者学历、基金资助情况以及论文下载频次、篇幅、类型及学科分布等进行统计分析。【结果】 各刊零被引论文数量与其发文量相关性不大,零被引率与期刊的影响因子呈负相关。高等院校的零被引论文占比最大;零被引论文随完成论文合作机构数量的减少而增加。基金资助论文的零被引率高于非基金资助论文;资助项目少的论文零被引率低于资助项目多的论文。篇幅短的文章或不系统的研究性论文较少被引用。摘要信息量存在一定程度的不完善。综述型论文零被引率小于研究型论文。【结论】 各刊发文量与零被引论文量间的关系视具体情况而定。针对零被引论文占比较大的稿件,即高等院校及任务类稿件,应在论文发表前的各环节进行协同控制。要加强及重视摘要信息的规范编辑。对来稿字数应作要求。编辑要及时掌握研究领域动向,加强与资深专家及学科带头人间的沟通,积极约稿。尽早发表并提高论文的显示度,进而减少零被引或低被引文献的产量。     

理工科学生人文素质的培养

对于理工科学生来说,人文素质在某种程度上比科学知识更重要。加强学生的人文素质,尤其是文学素质的培养可从开设各式各样的人文学科的公共选修课程、大力实施人文学科公共选修课的教学和考试改革以及运用人文科学理论知识丰富校园文化生活等方面入手。     

Quality criteria of research perceived by academics in social sciences at higher education

The purpose of this study is to examine the problem of research quality in social sciences at higher education. Quality of research produced at higher education started to be questioned more often as research became the major factor determining academics＇ promotion and fund allocation to universities. In the study, we aimed to reveal how academics perceive research quality and what they identify as the main problems that make it difficult to achieve quality in research. Data were collected through interviews with 25 academics from 7 disciplines （educational sciences, sociology, communicational sciences, law, history, management and political science） in 7 universities. Six of the academics interviewed were professors, 7 were associate professors, 10 were assistant professors and 2 were doctors. Interviews were carried out in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 academic years, and each lasted about one hour on average. Data collected were analyzed through content analysis. Study findings revealed that academics referred most often to methodological issues as the most important quality criterion of research, followed by issues of theoretical background and originality. Academics definitions of sub-criteria related to these were tackled in more detail in the study. As the most important hindrances that make it difficult to achieve quality in research academics mentioned lack of a long-established research culture, problems of research resources and the pressure caused by academic promotion criteria. Some recommendations related to the problems were made to develop research quality in the light of the study findings.     

System thinking skills at the elementary school level

This study deals with the development of system thinking skills at the elementary school level. It addresses the question of whether elementary school students can deal with complex systems. The sample included 40 4th grade students from one school in a small town in Israel. The students studied an inquiry‐based earth systems curriculum that focuses on the hydro‐cycle. The program involved lab simulations and experiments, direct interaction with components and processes of the water cycle in the outdoor learning environment and knowledge integration activities. Despite the students' minimal initial system thinking abilities, most of them made significant progress with their ability to analyze the hydrological earth system to its components and processes. As a result, they recognized interconnections between components of a system. Some of the students reached higher system thinking abilities, such as identifying interrelationships among several earth systems and identifying hidden parts of the hydrological system. The direct contact with real phenomena and processes in small scale scenarios enabled these students to create a concrete local water cycle, which could later be expanded into large scale abstract global cycles. The incorporation of outdoor inquiry‐based learning with lab inquiry‐based activities and knowledge integration assignments contributed to the 4th grade students' capacity to develop basic system thinking abilities at their young age. This suggests that although system thinking is regarded as a high order thinking skill, it can be developed to a certain extent in elementary school. With a proper long‐term curriculum, these abilities can serve as the basis for the development of higher stages of system thinking at the junior–high/middle school level. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 540–563, 2010     

近代翻译对中国现代观念的塑造

中国近代翻译经历了不同的历史时期,每个时期具有不同的侧重点,总体上是沿着科学技术翻译、社会科学翻译和文学翻译的线索而发展。这一阶段纷繁的翻译活动书写了中国现代性源起的轨迹,引发了中国现代性中地球模式、民族协同观的形成,同时也促进了社会制度转型、道德规范与价值体系重构、人权观念革新、中国旧文学思想颠覆与新文学形式生成以及现代白话文建立等中国现代性的核心元素和特征。翻译的这一历史渐进性书写,发生在中西古今的交叉坐标体系上,经由全球现代化趋势和中国特定文化本根性共同作用而完成,塑造了中国的现代观念。     

微波遥感定量反演研究中大气参数的估算模型

被动微波遥感对地表参数的反演研究中通常会忽略大气的影响.在定量遥感精度要求较高的情况下,建立大气参数的定量估算模型以剔除大气影响,对于提高反演精度具有积极作用.本文基于辐射传输模型,总结出大气向上和向下亮温及大气透过率这3个大气参数均与大气可降水量密切相关.利用MonoRTM模型和全球946条大气廓线建立晴空条件下大气亮温和大气透过率与大气可降水量之间的函数关系,发现大气亮温与大气可降水量呈正相关,大气透过率与大气可降水量呈负相关.本文利用中国张掖地区探空数据集对大气参数估算模型进行验证.模拟结果与通过MonoRTM模拟的结果基本一致,表明本模型具有较高的可靠性.通过本模型可定量计算大气对被动微波遥感的影响,提高微波遥感定量反演的精度.     

基于自然控制论的核化事故应急优化控制理论框架

核化事故应急是一个典型的自然规律与人类活动相互作用的问题.以自然环境的合理或最优利用和调控为最终目标的自然控制论是解决核化事故应急优化控制问题的有效方法.核化事故应急优化控制是自然控制论新的发展方向和应用领域.本文给出核化事故应急优化控制问题一般提法的理论方程, 建立核化事故应急优化控制数学模型, 提出应急行动代价和事故损失函数的具体表达式, 将应急行动代价和事故损失定量化, 并给出事故源控制、警戒、疏散、防护、洗消、人员伤亡、医学救治等计算方法.本文为核化事故最优应急控制方案提供了计算理论框架.     

高强度的环境规制能够促进国内大气科技创新吗？——以〖SO〗_2排放控制技术为例

从理论上来说,波特弱假说涉及双重外部性问题,即大气污染的负外部性和技术创新的正外部性,环境规制和知识产权保护合力才能予以切实彻底解决,而后者并没有得到普遍重视。本文认为,波特弱假说需要考虑知识产权保护强度。以SO_2排放控制技术为例,本文运采用2000-2013年省际省份面板数据,结合固定效应模型进行实证研究检验了知识产权保护对于波特弱假说的作用。结果发现,当知识产权保护较弱时,环境规制对大气科技创新具有呈现负向影响;。只有当知识产权保护较强时力度超过一定阈值时,环境规制才会对大气科技创新产生正向影响,波特弱假说成立。此外,环境规制和知识产权保护影响大气科技创新的交叉效应主要出现在企业,而非科研院所和个人,创新主体存在明显的差异性。     

基于PEST分析法的中国人文社会科学学术期刊国际化环境研究

【目的】 明确现阶段我国人文社会科学学术期刊国际化所处的宏观环境,为推动我国人文社会科学学术期刊国际化提供相关参考与政策建议。【方法】 运用战略外部环境分析工具——PEST分析法,以一种全新思路,从政治、经济、社会和技术4个角度总结我国人文社会科学学术期刊国际化的若干影响因素。【结果】 综合考虑各种外部环境因素后可以发现,充分依托“一带一路”等国家政策、加大资金投入力度、创办英文期刊并坚守学术自信、借力数字化出版模式等手段是推进我国人文社会科学学术期刊国际化的有效途径。【结论】 全面了解当前我国人文社会科学学术期刊国际化的宏观环境,因时制宜、有的放矢地实施人文社会科学学术期刊国际化策略有助于加快其国际化进程。     

全球化、全球性知识体系和我国人文社会科学的发展

本文提出改革开放以来全球化进程对我国人文社会科学发展的影响主要包括三个方面:一是全球化的实践过程给我国人文社会科学提供了新的具体知识,全球化研究已经成为20世纪以来世界知识体系的重要领域,这给我国人文社会科学研究提供了知识的场景和知识的内容.第二,全球化背景下,特别是改革开放以来,我国处于弱势的人文社会科学主要是学习和理解全球性知识体系,同时也开始逐步尝试着"走出去",进入全球性知识体系,参与对全球性知识体系的重新建构.第三,全球化的进程中,我国的大学也开始探索实践现代大学制度,强化了大学作为知识的生产地和原产地的功能,并通过对学术管理体制机制的探索创新,为知识生产和学术创新奠定制度基础.