Identifying the ‘subnormal’ child in an age of expansion of special education and child science in the Netherlands (c.1945–1965)

Between c.1945 and 1965 across the West special education has grown and differentiated substantially. In the Netherlands this expansion ran parallel to the academic recognition and rapid development of the study of learning disabilities. How are these two processes related? This article argues that in this country child science and special education have mutually stimulated each other’s growth and development. The creation of new categories of special-needs children brought about a climate in which the study of learning disabilities and their treatment could flourish. This, in turn, produced further differentiation between children with learning difficulties. Soon problems of identification and categorisation of mentally ‘subnormal’ children proved too complicated to rely on intelligence testing and medical-psychological diagnosis alone. Educational prognosis, based on long-term observation and all kinds of testing, became the key to a child’s future at school and educationists instead of psychologists became the foremost keyholders.     

Mixed-methods exploration of students' motivation in using augmented reality in neuroanatomy education with prosected specimens

The use of augmented reality (AR) in teaching and studying neuroanatomy has been well researched. Previous research showed that AR-based learning of neuroanatomy has both alleviated cognitive load and was attractive to young learners. However, how the attractiveness of AR effects student motivation has not been discovered. Therefore, the motivational effects of AR were investigated in this research by the use of quantitative and qualitative methods. Motivation elicited by the GreyMapp-AR, an AR application, was investigated in medical and biomedical sciences students (n = 222; mean age: 19.7 ± 1.4 years) using the instructional measure of motivation survey (IMMS). Additional components (i.e., attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) were also evaluated with motivation as measured by IMMS. Additionally, 19 students underwent audio-recorded individual interviews which were transcribed for qualitative analysis. Males regarded the relevance of AR significantly higher than females (P < 0.024). Appreciation of the GreyMapp-AR program was found to be significantly higher in students studying biomedical sciences as compared to students studying medicine (P < 0.011). Other components and scores did not show significant differences between student groups. Students expressed that AR was beneficial in increasing their motivation to study subcortical structures, and that AR could be helpful and motivating for preparing an anatomy examination. This study suggests that students are motivated to study neuroanatomy by the use of AR, although the components that make up their individual motivation can differ significantly between groups of students.     

Community Engagement at an Emerging Academic Medical Library: A Three-Pronged Outreach Model

The Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine’s (OUWB) service-oriented mission and vision is reflected in all aspects of the school including its culture, curriculum, research, community engagement, and the OUWB Medical Library. Though starting informally, the OUWB Medical Library’s outreach program has matured and now sustains a wide array of activities each year. This outreach program has blossomed into a three-pronged model that is inclusive of activities and endeavors engaging the institution and local community: integrate, partner, and create. Among its successes and challenges, the library’s ongoing outreach efforts have showcased the value of libraries in promoting community health and meaningfully contributing to the institutional mission.     

A Journey Worth Taking: Exploring a Hybrid Embedded Library Instruction Model Through Three Distinct Cases

ABSTRACT

To facilitate systematic learning and to complement the limitations of conventional one-shot library instruction sessions, a hybrid embedded instruction model was designed and implemented for undergraduate students and residents in three disciplines at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Variations of hybrid instruction are explored, including models that combine face-to-face interactions, online content delivery, flipped instruction techniques, and individual consultations. The hybrid model highlights benefits of collaborative teaching between course faculty members and librarians and enhances the relevance of library instruction for users.     

The Medical Library Association's Master Guide to Authoritative Information Resources in the Health Sciences. Thompson,Laurie L., ed.; Higa,Mori Lou,Carrigan, Esther,and Tobia,Rajia, Assoc. eds.

The Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database offers systematic reviews, practice recommendations, and consumer information designed to support evidence-based practice. A sample search was conducted within the Ovid platform to demonstrate functionality and available tools.     

体育人文社会学学科建设的思考

近些年来,随着体育的快速发展,体育人文社会学科获得了重要的发展契机,其地位和作用越来越受到人们关注,目前我国体育人文社会学学科建设已经初具规模,但是还存在很多的问题,有待于进一步发展.     

贝塞尔光束在湍流大气中传输的实验研究

高斯光束通过螺旋相位板和轴棱锥可获得高阶贝塞尔光束。在实验室模拟大气湍流并研究了贝塞尔光束在湍流大气中的传输特性。着重讨论了湍流扰动强弱及拓扑荷数变化对贝塞尔光束传输特性的影响。实验表明,湍流强弱及拓扑荷数变化都会影响贝塞尔光束的传输,大气湍流会降低贝塞尔光束的相干性。     

大气科学类中文核心期刊微信公众号满意度评价

【目的】对学术期刊微信公众号满意度进行评价,并挖掘影响满意度评价的重要因素。【方法】以大气科学类中文核心期刊为研究对象,构建出期刊微信公众号满意度评价指标体系,确定各指标的取值方法,结合Saaty标度法,使用AHP法与熵权法计算组合权重,进而构建出评价模型。【结果】采用TOPSIS法,选取11种大气科学类中文核心期刊为分析对象,通过实证研究发现,《气候变化研究进展》微信公众号满意度评价最高,《气候与环境研究》的满意度评价最低。【结论】分析了期刊微信公众号满意度评价高的原因,并挖掘了影响满意度评价的一些具体原因,为提升期刊微信公众号的使用满意度提供了参考。     

What Use is Anatomy in First Opinion Small Animal Veterinary Practice? A Qualitative Study

Despite the uncontested importance of anatomy as one of the foundational aspects of undergraduate veterinary programs, there is still limited information available as to what anatomy knowledge is most important for the graduate veterinarian in their daily clinical work. The aim of this study was therefore to gain a deeper understanding of the role that anatomy plays in first opinion small animal veterinary practice. Using ethnographic methodologies, the authors aimed to collect rich qualitative data to answer the question “How do first opinion veterinarians use anatomy knowledge in their day-to-day clinical practice?” Detailed observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five veterinarians working within a single small animal first opinion practice in the United Kingdom. Thematic analysis was undertaken, identifying five main themes: Importance; Uncertainty; Continuous learning; Comparative and dynamic anatomy; and Communication and language. Anatomy was found to be interwoven within all aspects of clinical practice; however, veterinarians were uncertain in their anatomy knowledge. This impacted their confidence and how they carried out their work. Veterinarians described continually learning and refreshing their anatomy knowledge in order to effectively undertake their role, highlighting the importance of teaching information literacy skills within anatomy curricula. An interrelationship between anatomy use, psychomotor, and professional skills was also highlighted. Based on these findings, recommendations were made for veterinary anatomy curriculum development. This study provides an in-depth view within a single site small animal general practice setting: further work is required to assess the transferability of these findings to other areas of veterinary practice.     

理工科高校人文社科研究项目绩效评估初探

高等学校是人文社科重要的研究力量,并承担了大量的科研项目。但是我国理工科高校人文社科研究项目绩效评估中存在很多不足,导致项目评估结果不准确,不能客观反映出实际科研效果。通过对理工科高校人文社科研究项目绩效评估中的不足进行分析,与国外高校先进经验比较,发现问题,结合我国实际情况,提出建议,改进不足,促进高校人文社科研究项目绩效评估的发展。