How repeated studying and testing affects multimedia learning: Evidence for adaptation to task demands

Two biases can occur in multimedia learning: overconfidence and over-reliance on text processing. The present research sought to identify these biases and to investigate whether they can be reduced, and hence learning fostered, when studying and testing are repeated. In 2 experiments (Exp.1: N = 79, Exp.2: N = 52), students learned either with text only or with text and pictures (multimedia) about how the toilet flush works, gave judgments-of-learning (JOLs), were tested on the learning contents; afterwards this study-test cycle was repeated. Results from both experiments revealed stronger overconfidence due to multimedia in both study-test cycles (JOLs higher than learning outcomes). Eye movement data showed a relative increase in attention on the picture versus text from cycle 1 to cycle 2; this relative increase in attention was related to better learning outcomes. Repeated studying and testing thus helped to reduce over-reliance on text processing in multimedia learning, fostering performance.     

高职大学英语真实性课程评价方案的设计

真实性课程评价是近十几年来国际流行的课程评价方式,其能力本位的评价特点,决定其可以在高职大学英语能力培养方面起到重要作用。为实施高职大学英语真实性评价,需要根据高职各专业的英语能力需求,在英语课程评价各个环节进行真实性的设计,其中文化演练部分的评价设计是真实性评价设计的核心。     

不同母语背景留学生汉语阅读中字音、字形作用的特点

采用校正任务探讨了母语为拼音文字和表意文字的外国留学生在汉语阅读中字音、字形作用的特点。结果表明，初级汉语水平的拼音文字背景留学生字音发挥主要作用，中级汉语水平的拼音文字背景留学生字音、字形起相同重要作用；无论是初级汉语水平还是中级汉语水平的表意文字背景留学生，都是字形发挥主要作用。本研究结果初步表明，初级汉语水平留学生主要受其母语认知加工特点的影响，中级汉语水平留学生受到母语和目的语认知加工特点两个方面的影响。     

高校图书情报工作如何创新

在新形势下，高校图书馆图书情报工作应注重于观念创新、机制创新、管理创新、人才创新、技术创新服务创新、文献资源开发创新。     

Timescales for exploratory tactical behaviour in football small-sided games

The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of tactical behaviour emerging on different timescales in football small-sided games and to quantify short- and long-term exploratory behaviour according to the number of opponents. Two teams of four professional male footballers played small-sided games against two different teams with a variable number of opponents (3, 5 and 7). Data were collected using a combination of systematic observation and a non-differential global positioning system (15 Hz). The temporal diversity and structural flexibility of the players were determined by calculating the dynamic overlap order parameter q, entropy and trapping strength. Analysis of the exploratory dynamics revealed two different timescales, forming a different metastable landscape of action for each constraint. Fast dynamics lasted on average a few seconds and consisted of changes in tactical patterns. The long timescale corresponded to the shared tasks of offence and defence lasting tens of seconds. The players’ tactical diversity decreased with an increasing number of opponents, especially in defence. Manipulating numerical imbalance is likely to promote changes in the diversity, unpredictability and flexibility of tactical solutions. The fact that the temporally nested structure of constraints shaped the emergence of tactical behaviour provides a new rationale for practice task design. The manipulation of numerical imbalance on the timescale of a few tens of seconds, on which the exploratory behaviour of players saturates, may help coaches to optimise the exploratory efficiency of the small-sided games.     

特色农业发展的经济学理论及比较优势实证分析

笔者分析探讨了特色农业发展的经济学理论基础：比较优势理论、农业产业化理论、创新理论，介绍了特色农业比较优势的定量分析评价方法，运用综合比较优势指数法对内蒙古具有代表性的特色农产品进行了比较优势分析。在此基础上，提出了内蒙古特色农业发展的对策建议：坚持以市场为导向，明确特色农业发展方向；坚持规模开发和产业化经营原则等四个方面。     

从一个Jigsaw活动看任务型教学

本文在介绍Jigsaw的有关信息的基础上，结合作者自己编写的Jigsaw来看它在任务型教学中的应用及与任务型教学的关系。     

基于信息化教育的教育技术学专业实验室建设之探析

从信息化教育的角度出发，对教育技术学专业实验室的功能、信息化实验教学课题设计要求、实验室信息化管理等问题进行了探讨。     

电力系统及其自动化专业毕业设计改革的探讨

本文对电力系统及其自动化专业本科学生毕业设计工作进行了分析，在设计课题范畴，学生创新能力以及工程实用性等方面作了具体阐述。     

The impact of PISA and the interrelation and development of assessment policy and assessment theory in Japan

PISA presents a new image for academic achievement, which has prompted Japanese education reforms over the past decade to innovate teaching and learning for ‘PISA-style literacy’. Supported by theoretical foundations, particularly with regard to the concept of ‘PISA literacy’ and ‘authentic assessment’, these reforms have accomplished progress in the focus on higher order competencies, such as application and the development of new assessment strategies. However, more recently, various critical discussions of ‘PISA literacy’ are underway in the Japanese academy. They interrogate it more critically and reveal the narrow emphasis on functional application and technical operation. Current assessment practices, which tend to fall into ‘criteria compliance’, are in urgent need of review. There is a need to extend the critical discussions in progress to the new assessment strategies. This paper responds to this, by considering the Japanese acceptance of ‘PISA literacy’ and its assessment, discussing the features and limitations.