以“任务驱动”为导向的高职现代通信技术课程改革

高职院校以培养高等技术型应用人才为根本任务,特别注重学生实际操作技能的培养。以往以传授知识为主的教学模式显然已达不到高职教育的培养目标要求,课程改革刻不容缓。＂任务驱动＂教学方法被认为是比较适合于高职学生特点和培养目标定位的。本文较系统地阐述了＂任务驱动＂教学法在现代通信技术教学过程中的设计与运用。     

小组合作学习存在的问题及解决对策研究

很多高校的大学生都不同程度地参与了小组合作学习,但是其中的一些学习小组由于成员们缺乏良好的合作能力及外部帮助和指导,合作学习效果不够好。合作学习的合作动机、合作能力、合作学习任务和合作学习管理制度对于小组合作学习效果的好坏作用非常明显,教师可以对这些方面进行适当的管理和帮助来提高小组合作学习的成效。     

基于注射模具数字化设计工作过程的学习情境设计

本文以Pro/Engineer作为数字化设计平台,对注射模具的分模及成型零件设计工作进行学习情境的设计,将模具设计理论知识与数字化设计工作过程紧密结合,通过合理设计学习任务和运用项目化教学方法,有效地实现了学习知识的迁移、设计技能和职业能力的提高。     

职业任务驱动教学法在汽车专业教学中的应用

随着汽车技术的发展和市场对新型技术人才的需求,任务驱动教学可以使学生在教学中较好地掌握、运用汽车新技术,离开学校就可以"零距离"顶岗工作,实现学校与用人单位的无缝对接。本文主要分析职业任务驱动教学法的基本知识及实施步骤,并结合汽车专业教学实例阐述这一教学法在汽车专业教学中的应用,以激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生动手解决实际问题的能力,从而提高教学效果。     

基于乐高的技术体验教学模式探究——以“系统的结构”教学设计为案例

文章通过分析通用技术教学活动的特点及乐高教育的教学理念,提出将乐高教育引入通用技术课堂教学中的体验式教学模式,以乐高教育组件为活动载体,以学生主动参与、亲身体验为主要学习方式,结合乐高教育平台的亲和性、拓展性、综合性,以任务驱动式的教学方式,给学生一个自主探究的学习氛围,让他们在密切联系学习、生活和社会实际的有意义的任务情境中,通过完成任务来学习有关系统的知识、获得技能、形成能力,提高技术素养。     

Understanding Information-Seeking Behavior for Conducting Tasks: An Exploratory Study

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the information-seeking behaviors of police officers who work in police stations in the context of conducting tasks. In this study, Leckie et al.'s model of the information-seeking behavior of professionals is tested. The findings indicated that police officers initially consulted their personal knowledge and experience. However, contrary to the expectation, they rarely consulted informants. In addition to this, police officers rarely consulted printed journals, libraries, books, and conferences as information sources. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in the information sources used by police officers based on their educational level. While bivariate relationships show significant difference for age, service years in police stations, and service years in policing, the same variables do not hold as significant when introduced into multiple regressions. Possible implications of the study were discussed in the conclusion section.     

Children's query types and reformulations in Google search

We investigated the searching behaviors of twenty-four children in grades 6, 7, and 8 (ages 11–13) in finding information on three types of search tasks in Google. Children conducted 72 search sessions and issued 150 queries. Children's phrase- and question-like queries combined were much more prevalent than keyword queries (70% vs. 30%, respectively). Fifty two percent of the queries were reformulations (33 sessions). We classified children's query reformulation types into five classes based on the taxonomy by Liu et al. (2010). We found that most query reformulations were by Substitution and Specialization, and that children hardly repeated queries. We categorized children's queries by task facets and examined the way they expressed these facets in their query formulations and reformulations. Oldest children tended to target the general topic of search tasks in their queries most frequently, whereas younger children expressed one of the two facets more often. We assessed children's achieved task outcomes using the search task outcomes measure we developed. Children were mostly more successful on the fact-finding and fully self-generated task and partially successful on the research-oriented task. Query type, reformulation type, achieved task outcomes, and expressing task facets varied by task type and grade level. There was no significant effect of query length in words or of the number of queries issued on search task outcomes. The study findings have implications for human intervention, digital literacy, search task literacy, as well as for system intervention to support children's query formulation and reformulation during interaction with Google.     

Analysing and training task analysis

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) is used particularly in the context of instructional development. This paper involves two exploratory studies concerning the difficulties of those learning to perform HTA (Study 1) and how these might be overcome (Study 2). In Study 1 seventeen students were provided with declarative training in the major features of HTA and were then asked to analyse the task of making a cup of tea (task 1) or of painting a door (task 2). HTAs were analysed in terms of five HTA criteria (hierarchical representation, logical decomposition rule, logical equivalence, specification of plans and the P × C rule) and four other error categories (task boundaries incorrect, cognitive goals omitted, operations described as activities rather than goals, and lack of versatility of the analysis in terms of encompassing task variation). Errors occurred with respect to all HTA criteria and other error categories suggesting that carrying out HTA is itself a complex cognitive task. This together with an analysis of questionnaire responses concerning self-reported difficulties and strategies suggested that the tendency to use an action-oriented representation of the task being analysed might be one cause of poor performance. Study 2 investigated the effectiveness of three instructional conditions at improving analysts' performance at HTA: procedure training which specified eight main goals in carrying out HTA, criteria training which involved understanding and practice at using or recognising the five HTA criteria and types of error, and combined criteria/procedure training. Performance at HTA improved in both conditions that involved criteria training.     

Reading, arithmetic, and task orientation—How are they related?

A sample of 60 children in Grade 3 was followed over one year. In the first year, an extensive battery of assessments was used including aspects of reading, arithmetic, and working memory. Teachers rated the children on 7-point scales on various motivational dimensions summarized to a total score tentatively called task orientation. In the follow-up assessment one year later, the testing and teacher ratings were repeated. The cross-sectional correlations between reading, arithmetic, and task orientation were all high (about +.70). The high correlation between reading and arithmetic decreased significantly when task orientation was partialed out, and it was further reduced when working memory as assessed by backward digit span was added to the controlling factors. Also, teacher ratings of cognitive ability and language development accounted for some of the common variance between reading and arithmetic. The correlation between task orientation and school achievement cannot be causally interpreted in cross-sectional designs. Some support for a “causal” hypothesis, however, was obtained in crosslagged correlation analyses indicating that task orientation in Grade 3 may have a causal impact on the level of performance in reading, and in arithmetic in Grade 4. Most likely, however, there is also a reciprocal relationship.     

"兴趣+任务"教学模式在"微生物学"课程中的应用

"微生物学"是生物相关专业的一门重要专业基础课,因其涉及知识面广、知识更新迅速、且微生物个体微小、多肉眼不可见,因而教学内容相对其他生物课程较为抽象和难学,常规的课堂教学效果不理想.作者在教学中通过插入生活话题和相关电影片段、结合新闻热点、设置感兴趣的讨论以及强调微生物知识的有用性,来激发学生对微生物学习的兴趣;并通过布置学生课前预习,课后练习巩固、课外扩展阅读,考前综合复习等作业任务,使学生切实系统的掌握微生物学知识."兴趣+任务"这一教学模式在微生物学教学中的应用取得了较好的效果.可为讲授本课程的高校教师提供参考.