Identification of effective visual problem solving strategies in a complex visual domain

Students in complex visual domains must acquire visual problem solving strategies that allow them to make fast decisions and come up with good solutions to real-time problems. In this study, 31 air traffic controllers at different levels of expertise (novice, intermediate, expert) were confronted with 9 problem situations depicted on a radar screen. Participants were asked to provide the optimal order of arrival of all depicted aircrafts. Eye-movements, time-on-task, perceived mental effort, and task performance were recorded. Eye-tracking data revealed that novices use inefficient means-end visual problem solving strategies in which they primarily focus on the destination of aircraft. Higher levels of expertise yield visual problem solving strategies characterized by more efficient retrieval of relevant information and more efficient scan paths. Furthermore, experts' solutions were more similar than intermediates' solutions and intermediates' solutions were more similar than novices' solutions. Performance measures showed that experts and intermediates reached better solutions than novices, and that experts were faster and invested less mental effort than intermediates and novices. These findings may help creating eye-movement modeling examples for the teaching of visual problem solving strategies in complex visual domains.     

职业任务驱动教学法在汽车专业教学中的应用

随着汽车技术的发展和市场对新型技术人才的需求,任务驱动教学可以使学生在教学中较好地掌握、运用汽车新技术,离开学校就可以"零距离"顶岗工作,实现学校与用人单位的无缝对接。本文主要分析职业任务驱动教学法的基本知识及实施步骤,并结合汽车专业教学实例阐述这一教学法在汽车专业教学中的应用,以激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生动手解决实际问题的能力,从而提高教学效果。     

基于乐高的技术体验教学模式探究——以“系统的结构”教学设计为案例

文章通过分析通用技术教学活动的特点及乐高教育的教学理念,提出将乐高教育引入通用技术课堂教学中的体验式教学模式,以乐高教育组件为活动载体,以学生主动参与、亲身体验为主要学习方式,结合乐高教育平台的亲和性、拓展性、综合性,以任务驱动式的教学方式,给学生一个自主探究的学习氛围,让他们在密切联系学习、生活和社会实际的有意义的任务情境中,通过完成任务来学习有关系统的知识、获得技能、形成能力,提高技术素养。     

建筑工程钢筋翻样技能任务教学法探析

建筑工程钢筋翻样是一项重要而实用的专业技能之一。在钢筋翻样技能教学过程中,应用任务教学法,将学生的学习活动与任务或问题相结合,让学生带着真实的任务去学习,不仅有助于提升学生钢筋翻样的专业岗位职业能力,同时有助于培养学生终身发展所需要的自主学习能力,以及将来走向工作岗位所应具备的沟通交流、团队协作等方面社会能力。     

“任务驱动法”在高职实践教学中的应用反思——以《建筑识图与构造》课程为例

“任务驱动法”是高技能人才职业能力培养的有效手段,本文阐述了其内涵和教学流程,介绍了其在高职《建筑识图与构造》实践教学中的应用,并围绕其应用进行了反思,提出了师资力量是“任务驱动法”的关键;任务创设是“任务驱动法”的核心：组织实施是“任务驱动法”的基础．     

Social media use in local government: Linkage of technology,task, and organizational context

Social media technologies have begun to enter the governmental workplace as tools to accomplish improved public service and engagement. Widespread recognition of the potential of social media technology for achieving public outcomes does not match our understanding about how and why specific tools are being used for specific purposes. This paper makes use of newly collected national survey data from local government managers in five different agencies to address the questions: which social media tools are being used, for which tasks or purposes; and what organizational characteristics influence the coupling of task and technology. Findings reveal patterns of social media tool application for particular purposes, although organizations do not all use social media tools in the same way. Moreover, regression analysis shows that different organizational factors – work characteristics, innovativeness, technology and management capacity and stakeholder influence – predict each of the four technology–task couplings — social media for dissemination, social media for feedback on service quality, social media for participation, and social media for internal work collaboration. This study demonstrates that social media tools are not a monolithic group and calls for greater research attention to the complex interactions among social media technology, task and organizational context.     

Understanding Information-Seeking Behavior for Conducting Tasks: An Exploratory Study

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the information-seeking behaviors of police officers who work in police stations in the context of conducting tasks. In this study, Leckie et al.'s model of the information-seeking behavior of professionals is tested. The findings indicated that police officers initially consulted their personal knowledge and experience. However, contrary to the expectation, they rarely consulted informants. In addition to this, police officers rarely consulted printed journals, libraries, books, and conferences as information sources. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in the information sources used by police officers based on their educational level. While bivariate relationships show significant difference for age, service years in police stations, and service years in policing, the same variables do not hold as significant when introduced into multiple regressions. Possible implications of the study were discussed in the conclusion section.     

在电大化学教学中引入研究性课题的尝试

在化学教学中,尝试引入研究性课题的教学方法,以激发学生的学习兴趣,达到培养学生创新能力的目的.     

任务难度和学习目标对学习动机的影响

通过对体育课堂中学生投入意愿数据的统计分析,在探讨体育课堂中不同的学习目标对学习动机的影响以及在不同的学习目标情境中,任务难度对学生学习动机的影响,验证了培养学生对体育本身内在而持久的学习动机的重要性.