Teaching primary mathematics with challenging tasks: How should lessons be structured?

Engaging students in a challenging (cognitively demanding) task and launching a mathematics lesson with a task before instruction are two characteristics of a reform-oriented approach to mathematics instruction often considered together. The authors systematically contrasted teaching with challenging tasks using a task-first lesson structure with that of a discussion-first lesson structure to three composite classes of first- and second-grade students (n = 73). Subsequent assessments of mathematical performance revealed that the discussion-first lesson structure was somewhat more efficacious in improving fluency performance but both structures similarly improved problem-solving performance. The findings suggest there is more than one way of incorporating challenging tasks into mathematics lessons to produce sizeable learning gains.     

工学结合实践课堂的设计与实施

工学结合人才培养模式是高等职业教育探索的方向,通过课堂学习和实际工作相结合,工学结合实践活动,使学生在实践中学习,在学习中实践,使学生既掌握了理论知识,又锻炼了实际操作能力,有利于学生职业能力的培养。     

论综合素质评价的本质

综合素质评价既是一种评价观,又是一种评价方式。作为一种评价观,它是素质教育评价体系的基本价值取向。作为一种评价方式,它与中考、高考等外部评价互动、结合,共同构成素质教育评价体系的基本内容。综合素质评价的本质是个性发展评价,也是真实性、过程性评价,还是内部评价。我国当前教育评价改革的误区是依然坚持具有应试教育性质的工具主义素质观和评价观,致使综合素质评价蜕变为强化的外部评价,进而使其成为变相应试教育。     

能力本位导向下真实性评价模式的探究

能力本位导向下高职教育的教学和评价必须体现出真实性,真实性评价是能力本位型学习的必然要求。真实性评价的操作策略是设计不同难度的任务类以及同类不同情境的相似任务,从简单到复杂,反映出学生所期望获得的能力绩效的递进,当教学过程结束时教师就可以收集到大量的对学生能力水平评定极有价值的信息,以考量学生的学习情况。     

关于大学商务英语课程设计的思考

大学商务英语课程设计与学生商务英语语言能力的培养息息相关。本文在分析大学商务英语课程教学目标的基础上,提出课程设计要基于需求分析,选用真实的教学材料与学习任务,以有连贯关系的商务情景为主线,重视过程学习,促进学生任务型操练。     

高等院校在教育信息化进程中的任务

随着教育信息化进程的加快,高校必将成为社会信息化发展的排头兵。在信息化建设发展中,高校不但要实现自身信息化建设的目标,同时要带动社会信息化的尽快发展。因此,高校在信息化建设中面临基础建设,信息技术与教学要素整合以及扩大社会开放程度,增强信息交往能力等三大任务。     

Students’ effort allocation to their perceived strengths and weaknesses: The moderating effect of instructional strategy

To become competent professionals, students should work on both their strengths and weaknesses. Considering students' limited amount of time and energy to work on multiple subjects, it is important to know what determines their allocation of effort to their perceived relative strengths or weaknesses. In a series of five studies, we examined the moderating effect of instructional strategy (i.e., self-directed versus test-directed) on the within-person relation between perceived relative strength (i.e., strengths versus weaknesses) and allocated effort across multiple subjects. We used different methodologies (scenario, field, and experimental studies), research designs (within-person and mixed factorial), populations (secondary school, college, and university students), and measures of effort (intentions, self-reported, and behavioral). The results consistently indicate that students in a self-directed instructional strategy condition tend to allocate more effort to their relative strengths, whereas students in a test-directed instructional strategy condition tend to allocate more effort to their relative weaknesses.     

足球踢球动作技能学习中背景干扰效应的实验研究

目的：探讨初学者在足球踢球动作技能学习过程中是否存在背景干扰效应,并分析原因。方法：以足球脚背内侧踢定位球动作技能作为学习任务,选取某大学足球专修班的33名学生为研究对象,分成对照组和两个实验组,进行10周的体育教学现场实验,对一周后保持测试的达标和技评成绩进行单因素方差分析。结果：三组保持测试的达标和技评成绩均值,在0.05水平上差异不具有显著性。结论：实验结果未能出现背景干扰效应,未能验证本研究提出的研究假设和背景干扰效应假说的最主要原因是,足球脚背内侧踢定位球的复杂性任务特征。     

新农村建设的政治经济学思考

本文围绕社会主义新农村建设,从政治经济学角度提出了四个基本观点:农民是社会主义新农村建设的主体,政府政策作为农村建设的外部条件,需要通过农民这个内因起作用;新农村建设走社会主义道路必须以合作经济为基础,小农经济和集体经济都承担不了这一重任;新农村建设的主要任务不仅要发展农业,以工业反哺农业,而且要发展工业,并且以工业改造农业;社会主义新农村建设的起点是乡村文明,终点应是城镇文明,即使是人文乡村图景亦难掩盖亿万农民对城市文明的现代诉求。     

Objective and subjective methods for quantifying training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games

The aim of the present study was to analyse the training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games and determine the relationship between heart rate (HR)-based training load and perceived exertion (RPE)-based training load methods among small-sided games bouts. HR-based measurements of training load included Edwards’ training load and Stagno’s training impulses (TRIMP_MOD) while RPE-based training load measurements included cardiopulmonary (session RPEres) and muscular (session RPEmus) values. Data were collected from 12 wheelchair basketball players during five consecutive weeks. The total load for the small-sided games sessions was 67.5 ± 6.7 and 55.3 ± 12.5 AU in HR-based training load (Edwards’ training load and TRIMP_MOD), while the RPE-based training loads were 99.3 ± 26.9 (session RPEres) and 100.8 ± 31.2 AU (session RPEmus). Bout-to-bout analysis identified greater session RPEmus in the third [P < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.66, moderate] and fourth bouts (P < 0.05; ES = 0.64, moderate) than in the first bout, but other measures did not differ. Mean correlations indicated a trivial and small relationship among HR-based and RPE-based training loads. It is suggested that HR-based and RPE-based training loads provide different information, but these two methods could be complementary because one method could help us to understand the limitations of the other.