转型期地方高校教育科研的任务与作用

经济社会大变革,给地方高校创造了良好的发展机遇,同时也带来了许多矛盾和问题。开展教育科研,是解决问题的重要手段和途径。为此,地方高校应进行办学指导思想、人才队伍建设、为区域经济社会服务、教育教学和培养模式的研究,为学校可持续发展提供理论支持和服务。     

错误结果反馈对追踪任务学习迁移的影响

采用电脑追踪任务探讨错误结果反馈(KR)对运动技能学习迁移的影响.抽取在校大学生,随机分为正确KR组、错误KR组、混合KR组(组间性别均衡设计).在第1-3 d,3组受试者练习时分别获得正确的KR、错误的KR,或者获得25次正确KR后,再获得25次错误KR.正确的KR是每次追踪误差的毫秒数,错误的KR则是正确KR数值+10 mm.在第4 d,3组受试者分剐在无KR的条件下,用原任务进行保持测试10次,之后再操作两个迁移任务各10次.显示:KR在一致性时机任务和电脑追踪任务中的作用机理类似,当可以获得KR时,学习者将它作为觉察和纠正操作错误的信息源:错误KR会带来迁移测试绩效的偏差.提示:学习者形成自身觉察错误能力是运动技能学习的关键,实践工作者应根据运动情境的特点,合理地提供结果反馈,以促进运动技能的学习.     

Overload problem research on aperiodic real-time tasks

In this paper, a novel scheduling mechanism is proposed to handle the real-time overload problem by maximizing the cumulative values of three types of tasks: the soft, the hard and the imprecise tasks. The simulation results show that the performance of our presented mechanism in this paper is greatly improved, much better than that of the other three mechanisms: earliest deadline first (EDF), highest value first (HVF) and highest density first (HDF), under the same conditions of all nominal loads and task type proportions.     

关于普通高中大众化发展阶段的任务与办学模式的思考

普通高中教育的大众化发展阶段的任务与模式是:适当发展综合性高中,丰富高中阶段的办学模式;通过课程和教学管理制度改革促进普通高中的综合化发展,完善现有综合高中的个性试探、分流选择的功能;提升高考的多样性和灵活性,引导学生进行适性选择发展。     

真实性评价中的项目教学——以中央民族大学研究生英语教学为例

研究生英语项目教学法包括项目教学的特点、实施的具体步骤、评价方式及学生的反馈。实践证明项目教学可以有效地调动学生内在的学习动力、培养团队精神,使学生在完成真实任务的过程中学习外语。     

Students’ fraction comparison strategies as a window into robust understanding and possible pointers for instruction

As part of individual interviews incorporating whole number and rational number tasks, 323 grade 6 children in Victoria, Australia were asked to nominate the larger of two fractions for eight pairs, giving reasons for their choice. All tasks were expected to be undertaken mentally. The relative difficulty of the pairs was found to be close to that predicted, with the exception of fractions with the same numerators and different denominators, which proved surprisingly difficult. Students who demonstrated the greatest success were likely to use benchmark (transitive) and residual thinking. It is hypothesised that the methods of these successful students could form the basis of instructional approaches which may yield the kind of connected understanding promoted in various curriculum documents and required for the development of proportional reasoning in later years.     

Natural pedagogical conversations in high school students' internship

Many science educators encourage student experiences of “authentic” science by means of student participation in science‐related workplaces. Little research has been done, however, to investigate how “teaching” naturally occurs in such settings, where scientists or technicians normally do not have pedagogical training and generally do not have time (or value) receiving such training. This study examines how laboratory members without a pedagogical background or experience in teaching engage high school students during their internship activities. Drawing on conversation analysis, we analyze the minute‐by‐minute transactions that occurred while high school students participated in a leading environmental science laboratory. We find that the participation trajectory was based on demonstration‐practice‐connect (D‐P‐C) phases that continually recurred in the process of “doing” science. Concerning the transactional structures, we identify two basic conversation patterns—Initiate‐Clarify‐Reply (I‐C‐R) and Initiate‐Reply‐Clarify‐Reply (I‐R‐C‐R)—that do not only differ from the well‐known Initiate‐Reply‐Evaluate (I‐R‐E) patterns previously observed in science classrooms, but also could be combined to constitute more complex patterns. With respect to the organization of natural pedagogical conversations, we find that there were not only of preferred and dispreferred modes of responding but also ambiguous dispreferred modes; and the formulating organization not only includes self‐formulating but also other‐formulating. These natural pedagogical conversations helped, on the one hand, students to clarify their understanding and, on the other hand, technicians (or teachers) to teach toward different needs for different students in different contexts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 481–505, 2009     

《机械制图与CAD技术》学习领域课程开发

以培养学生完成企业实际工作任务的综合职业能力为着眼点,依据工作任务设计学习情境、组织教学活动,开发项目任务式的识图绘图学习领域课程,达成本课程的教学目标。     

Becoming numerate with information and communications technologies in the twenty‐first century

This article draws on data from a three‐year Australian Research Council‐funded study that examined the ways in which young children become numerate in the twenty‐first century. We were interested in the authentic problem‐solving contexts that we believe are required to create meaningful learning. This being so, our basic tenet was that such experiences should involve the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) where relevant, but not in tokenistic ways. This article highlights learning conditions in which young children can become numerate in contemporary times. We consider ‘academic’ or ‘school‐based’ mathematical tasks in the context of a Mathematical Tasks Continuum. This continuum was conceptualised to enable focused and detailed thinking about the scope and range of mathematical tasks that young children are able to engage within contemporary school contexts. The data from this study show that most of the tasks the children experienced in early years mathematics classes were unidimensional in their make up. That is, they focus on the acquisition of specific skills and then they are practiced in disembedded contexts. We suggest that the framework created in the form of the Mathematical Tasks Continuum can facilitate teachers’ thinking about the possible ways in which they could extend children’s academic work in primary school mathematics, so that the process of becoming numerate becomes more easily related to authentic activities that they are likely to experience in everyday life.     

真实性评价与教师专业发展

真实性评价是一种要求学生应用所学的知识和技能完成真实世界的任务的评价方式,既有助于学生的成长,也有助于教师专业发展。真实性评价对教师提出了新的素质要求而推动教师专业发展,又以直接向教师反馈教学信息而帮助教师有目的、有针对性地进行专业发展。