Political and educational springboard or straitjacket? Theorising post/human subjects in an age of vulnerability

Contemporary discourses of social justice in education, disability, mental health, social policy and feminist studies are refracted increasingly through concerns about psychological and structural vulnerabilities created by the crises of late capitalism. Focusing on developments in British social policy generally and educational research specifically, this paper uses the authors' contrasting perspectives on two discernible discourses of vulnerability emerging in these contexts. One elevates the recognition of collective vulnerability as a springboard for new conceptualisations of resistance that disrupt materialist narratives of the human subject as a coherent, unified and rational agent of history. A second discourse offers a materialist understanding that locates vulnerability as both driver and product of a ‘therapeutic culture’, arguing that a psycho-emotional focus for vulnerability offers a diminished and ineffective subjectivity that belies rhetorics of resistance. These contrasting perspectives generate and emerge simultaneously from new understandings of the human subject. The paper evaluates the implications of using vulnerability to frame expectations of human subjects for everyday educational practices and relationships. It concludes by suggesting empirical questions that need exploring.     

主体性视野下的马尔库塞“人的异化”理论

马尔库塞结合马克思的“劳动异化说”和弗洛伊德的“爱欲说”．提出了“人的异化”理论．并从主体性哲学层面细致分析了人的异化的主要表现形态，深入剖析了人走向异化的深层原因。面对现代文明社会中人类普遍异化的现状．马尔库塞进一步探讨了克服异化、拯救主体性的有效途径，即通过艺术实现爱欲的解放。     

论人的主体性及其发展阶段

人的主体性与人的实践活动是密不可分的。以人的实践活动为视角,人的主体性是由起源于生产实践,建立在“主体——(中介)——客体”关系模式之上的单独主体性和以单独主体性为背景建立在“主体——(中介)——主体”关系模式之上的交互主体性两方面构成,它们将随着实践的发展,最终摆脱人与人的依附性,人对物的依赖性,由低级向高级,不断走向成熟。     

构建以学生党员为主导的高校思政教育新模式

新形势下传统思想政治教育模式内部平衡被打破,在现实的操作中我们需要重新整合其内部各因素,建立一个新的平衡,构建一个新的理想模式。以学生党员为主导的高校思政教育新模式从主客体体系、目标体系、内容形式体系、评价反馈体系、保障体系等五个方面,优化内外环境,创新教育内容与方式,充分发挥学生党员在理想模式中的先锋模范作用。     

人本主义教育思潮与主体性教学

人本主义教育和主体性教学都强调以人为本,主张突出学生的主体地位,重视学生潜能的发挥。人本主义教育冲破了传统教育模式和现存教育制度的束缚,以激发人的天然学习倾向为出发点,把尊重人的个性发展提到了教育的首位,促进了当代教育改革运动的发展,对我国实施主体性教学具有一定的借鉴价值。     

论主体间性对"对象主体"内涵的现代修正

刘再复将人物命名为“对象主体” ,但他们仍然是作家的对立面 ,原因在于刘再复将主体性框架作为其理论基础。如今人物被视为与作者、读者共存的相对独立的主体 ,他们彼此进行平等的交流。     

An Autonomist Biopolitics of Education: Reproduction,Resistance, and the Specter of Constituent Bíos

In considering the enigmatic relationships between philosophy, politics, and pedagogy, this essay attempts to map some of the currents in educational scholarship, particularly those running between reproduction theories and resistance theories. While these two theoretical frameworks have been at odds with one another, Gregory Bourassa suggests that both share orthodox commitments that prevent them from appreciating the constituent dimensions of revolutionary subjectivity. In seeking an alternative orientation, Bourassa proposes an autonomist biopolitics of education. This framework inverts the traditional circuits of resistance and suggests that schools follow behind and resist the constituent life forms (constituent bíos) of students. If resistance theory only attempts to identify the ways in which students resist school practices, it risks obscuring the potentiality of constituent bíos as a social ontology that is primary, always already present, and subject to the resistant practices of the school. Therefore, a key contribution of this essay is its development of an autonomist biopolitics of education. Within this framework, constituent bíos is recognized as the foundational and constitutive motor to which schools are constantly reacting. The adoption of this perspective, alongside more conventional understandings of resistance, offers a more nuanced conception of the relation between forms of life and schools.     

译者主体性在旅游景点翻译中的体现

本文对一些旅游景点译文实例进行评析,看译者主体性在应用翻译中的体现,并在此基础上提出删减、增添的翻译策略。译者应充分发挥主观能动性和创造性,使译文明白晓畅、清晰易懂,创作出成功的译文,以达到宣传和交流的目的。     

跨文化诗歌翻译中译者的主体性研究

跨文化诗歌翻译,文学翻译的一个重要分支和研究方向,被视为文学翻译中一颗璀璨的明珠。许多翻译理论家和翻译家都就其性质、标准、方法、技巧等方面对诗歌翻译进行了研究和论证,然而,作为翻译活动主体之一的译者,却是近年来才引起译界重视。译者的主体性对整个翻译过程都有着重要的影响,译者主体性研究正在探索中的课题,本文试从诗歌翻译这个跨文化活动中来探究译者的主体性。     

论人的主体性与思想政治工作法制化

思想政治工作要在新时期发挥其应有功能,就必须把法制化建设提上议事日程。从人学意义上审视、解读思想政治工作法制化．即通过分析“人的权利”与强化法制化观念、“人的本质”与依法协调人的种种复杂关系、“人的主体性”与依法维护人民群众的主体地位、“人的需要”与依法构建畅通有序的利益表达渠道、“理想人格”与思想政治工作者依法办事之间的内在关联,深化对思想政治工作法制化理论意义及实践价值的认识,从而增强思想政治工作法制化的紧迫感和责任感。