南宁市城区中学生亚健康现状研究及干预

目的：探讨中学生亚健康的诊断标准并了解南宁市城区中学生亚健康的现状及其影响因素和向健康转化的途径与对策。方法：采用自拟的中学生亚健康诊断标准对受测中学生进行现场调查。结果：南宁市城区中学生亚健康现患率为29．83％，重点校的中学生亚健康现患率高于普通校；亚健康的高发年龄为15岁和18岁；高中组的轻度亚健康现患率高于初中组。结论：中学生亚健康状态的形成，与家庭、学校、社会及自身心理状态等多种因索有关，向健康转化的干预对策，应从心理、生活行为、体育锻炼、科学用药及健康教育等多方面综合考虑进行。     

从观看到行动——奥古斯都·波瓦的戏剧介入探析

奥古斯都·波瓦建构了一种以观演者为中心的剧场空间,他在布莱希特的基础上更彻底地瓦解了“第四堵墙”。基于平等的介入理念,波瓦重构了剧场空间中演员与观众的位置权力关系,旨在激发参与者的主动性,使其不再是被动观看的观众,并且通过自身的行动来唤醒自己的主体性。其目的在于通过平等的观演关系来消除戏剧介入中启蒙者与被启蒙者之间的二元对立,把剧场内部的平等推向社会。波瓦的戏剧介入关注到了具身性经验中所存留的身体主体性,对先前强调理性意识觉醒的戏剧介入进行了重要的增补。     

国家安全之外的《国防教育法》——20世纪中期美国教育改革起源的再审视

1958年颁布的《国防教育法》对认识二战后美国的教育变革有重要意义。但长期以来研究者都视其为对"苏联卫星事件"的回应,是冷战时期国防政策的重要内容。笔者通过对文献的重新发掘与分析,指出两者之间不存在必然联系,这场教育改革不是"刺激-反应"模式的产物;此外,该法案立法过程中的焦点问题是对联邦政府干预教育权限的再讨论;法案通过后,在宣誓政治忠诚和学术自由问题上也受到广泛批评。国家安全不能概括法案的全部,至于联邦政府如何干预教育,以法案为代表的每一次讨论本身就是答案。     

Relationship transitions for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: types,turbulence, and transition processing communication

This study surveys transitions specific to parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), examines how aspects of relational turbulence vary based on the type of transition experienced, and explores the transition processing activities couples use to navigate marital transitions in this context. The study examined the transition experiences of 298 parents of children with ASD who were currently married. Participants detailed an important transition throughout the life span of their child with ASD using open-ended questions. They completed scales assessing qualities of the relationship during the transition and transition processing communication used to navigate the experience. Results demonstrate significant differences in experiences of relational turbulence based on the type of transition described. In particular, the initial diagnosis received the highest ratings for transition magnitude and relational turbulence compared to other common transitions. Engagement in transition processing communication predicted relational uncertainty and facilitation from a partner, which predicted relational turbulence.     

基于多源数据的中国UNESCO名录遗产地可持续发展目标监测

SDG11.4.1将保护世界遗产的“保护支出”作为评价遗产可持续发展目标的指标,其处于有方法无数据的状态,亟需具体数据和测算案例支持。利用48处中国UNESCO名录遗产的统计数据对SDG11.4.1指标进行测度和分析,基于Landsat遥感数据对4处自然遗产人为干预度进行变化监测分析。结果表明：1)单位面积支出可作为测度自然保护地(世界自然遗产、混合遗产、地质公园和生物圈保护区)可持续发展状态的指标,但不适用于文化遗产的测度。2)从资金投入角度看：自然保护地年均投入400万元/km²可作为优质发展目标阈值,年均投入80万～400万元/km²可作为发展状态良好的阈值。3)人为干预度作为扩展指标可以反映自然遗产地的可持续保护状态和趋势,可进一步在中国及其他国家类似保护地进行推广应用。     

The deployment,training and teacher relationships of teaching assistants supporting pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in mainstream secondary schools

Growing numbers of pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are attending mainstream schools, and increasing numbers of additional staff are being deployed to support them. Recent research has cast doubt on the effectiveness of this support, by highlighting issues relating to deployment and training, and to relationships with class teachers. This study, conducted by Wendy Symes, who is a Research Associate at the University of Manchester, and Neil Humphrey, who is Professor of Education in the same university, interviewed 15 teaching assistants supporting pupils with ASD in four mainstream secondary schools in the north‐west of England to explore these issues. Analysis yielded several key findings. The majority of teaching assistants worked with just one pupil at a time and worked in a variety of lessons. Their role primarily involved helping pupils to stay focused and follow instructions. Many teaching assistants had no experience of ASD prior to starting their job. The amount of training received varied, but all felt that generic training about ASD was not helpful. A lack of time for joint planning with teachers was raised as a key concern. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing literature on inclusive education for pupils with ASD.     

Community sport and social inclusion: international perspectives

Abstract

This opening article examines the relationship between community sport and social inclusion in research and practice. We discuss the notion of community sport, its multifarious meanings and diverse applications in different parts of the world. We further explore the conceptual and practical links between community sport and different conceptions of social inclusion. In doing so, the article draws together key themes, issues and debates addressed in the collection of articles in this special issue. We conclude by formulating implications and directions for future research and practice.     

儿童单纯性肥胖的运动干预原理与方法研究

儿童肥胖率持续上升已经成为一个全球性问题,引起了社会各界的高度关注。为能够让更多人了解运动的减肥原理,正确应用运动减肥的方法,有效预防、干预儿童单纯性肥胖,依据儿童身心发展的特征和规律,对儿童单纯性肥胖的危害、诊断方法、表现特征、诱发原因,以及运动干预的原理和方法,做了详细的分析和阐释。     

现代竞技体育体能训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能的研究

脊柱功能是衡量人体健康水平的重要指标,对人体保持高质量的学习、生活和工作状态产生直接的影响。如何运用有效的训练改善和提高人体脊柱功能,应引起高度的重视。以黑龙江省30名女大学生为研究对象,制定有针对性的训练方案,进行为期3个月的运动干预实验,分5个阶段进行训练监控及训练效果评估。结果显示：全体受试对象脊柱直背趋势最为显著,脊柱姿势、柔韧性、稳定性整体较差,脊柱疾病风险较高;通过动态拉伸、颈肩及腰等功能性训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能效果显著;实施训练方案后,在第30天改善效果最为明显。     

基于互联网的运动干预项目对大学生体质健康影响的实验研究

运用文献资料、教学实验、数理统计等方法,揭示微信平台和移动健身运用(APP)对大学生体质健康水平的影响及其作用机制。结果:1)实验组实验后体质健康各项指标(身高体重除外)均有显著的提升(P<0.05),对照组各指标也均有上升趋势,但无统计学意义(P>0.05);2)实验组实验后各项指标(身高体重除外)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:1)基于互联网的线上运动干预项目可以有效促进大学生的体质健康水平,可以作为大学生体育锻炼习惯养成及体质健康促进的有效手段;2)线上运动干预项目促进大学生体质健康的作用机制是通过目标设定,自我监测行为,个性化定制与指导,社会互动等强化因素作用的结果。